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Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja Volume 33, 2020 - Issue 1
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Research Article

Real earnings management and corporate governance: a study of Latin America

Cristhian Melladoa Department of Economics, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, ChileCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-1295View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Paolo Saonab Richard A. Chaifetz School of Business, Saint Louis University, Madrid, SpainORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-9855View further author information
ORCID Icon
Pages 2229-2268 | Received 10 Feb 2019, Accepted 18 Oct 2019, Published online: 02 Dec 2019

Figures & data

Table 1. Panel composition.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics.

Table 3. Mean difference test.

Table 4. Real activities manipulation (G.M.M.-S.E.). Dependent variable performance-matched RAM.

Table 5. Real activities manipulation (G.M.M.-S.E.). Dependent variable performance-matched R.A.M.

Table 6. Real activities manipulation (G.M.M.-S.E.). Dependent variable non-performance-matched R.A.M.

Table 7. Real activities manipulation (G.M.M.-S.E.). Dependent variable non-performance matched R.A.M.

Table 8. Real activities manipulation (G.M.M.-S.E.). Dependent variable performance-matched R.A.M.

Table 9. Robustness analysis of real activities manipulation. Dependent variable P.R.M.C.F.O. and R.M.C.F.O.

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