Comparing chains versus independent hotels based on international sales: an exploratory study

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics indicating chain hotel population, focus on surveyed destinations and responding sample.

Descriptive statistics pop. and sample	Destinations	Hotels	Brands	Sample hotels
Chain Hotels (all scales) – Italy	430	1.322	183
Chain Hotels (3-4-5 scales) – Italy	430	1.313	183
Chain Hotels (3-4-5 scales) – Surveyed	55	796	157
Chain Hotels (3-4-5 scales) – Response	21	159	22	159
No. of observations (after data cleaning)	21	148	22	148

Source: Authors own research and survey evidence.

Table 2. Respondent brands, related hotels, and rooms in the sample.

Brands in the sample	Brand's origin	Sampled hotels	Sampled rooms
NH Hotels	Spain	27	4986
Mercure by Accor	France	21	2174
UNA Hotels & Resorts	Italy	19	1862
Best Western	USA	12	840
Novotel by Accor	France	11	1958
Rimini Residence	Italy	10	347
Ibis by Accor	France	8	1519
JSH	Italy	8	948
Mgallery By Sofitel	France	8	765
NH Collection	Spain	6	907
Ibis Style by Accor	France	4	459
Best Western Plus	USA	2	201
Best Western Premiere	USA	2	187
Ramada	USA	2	318
Unaway	Italy	2	363
Adagio Aparthotels	France	1	107
Aman Resorts	Singapore	1	24
Clarion Collection	USA	1	69
Jumeirah	UAE	1	116
NHow	Spain	1	246
Sofitel	France	1	81
Total		148	18,477

Source: Authors own research and survey evidence.

Table 3. Sample representativeness in terms of hotels by destination and category.

Destinations	Categories (Scales)
	3 stars	4 stars	5 stars
BARI		40.0%
BERGAMO		50.0%
BOLOGNA	16.7%	44.4%
BRESCIA		50.0%
CATANIA	100.0%	50.0%
FLORENCE	7.7%	25.0%	13.3%
GENOA	33.3%	42.9%
LECCE		25.0%	100.0%
MILAN	23.5%	27.7%
NAPLES		41.7%
PADUA	33.3%	12.5%
PALERMO		42.9%
PARMA	33.3%	12.5%
PESCARA	100.0%	100.0%
RIMINI	66.7%	50.0%
ROME	15.4%	14.7%	20.0%
SIENA		100.0%
SYRACUSE	100.0%	66.7%
TURIN	28.6%	43.8%
VENICE	10.0%	25.7%	11.1%
VERONA	40.0%

Cases with representativeness higher than 50% are shown in bold.

Source: Authors own research and survey evidence.

Table 4. FmPAR_ph in surveyed destinations and scales: mean, median, and standard deviation.

	FmPAR – Overall Hotel Pop.
Destinations	3 stars	4 stars	5 stars
BARI		31.5
BERGAMO		113.5
BOLOGNA	72.3	84.8
BRESCIA		65.1
CATANIA	54.5	92.4
FLORENCE	133.9	170.2	138.8
GENOA	78.4	91.9
LECCE		25.4	99.4
MILAN	102.1	118.8
NAPLES		46.8
PADUA	90.9	123.4
PALERMO		74.8
PARMA	55.7	67.7
PESCARA	20.2	23.7
RIMINI	12.2	29.7
ROME	141.1	136.0	143.7
SIENA		108.6
SYRACUSE	34.5	41.8
TURIN	29.7	36.4
VENICE	180.8	215.3	149.8
VERONA	135.2
Mean	81.5	84.9	132.9
Median	75.3	79.8	141.2
Std. Dev.	51.5	51.6	22.8

Source: Authors own research and survey evidence.

Table 5. Comparison of FmPAR_ch and FmPAR_ih.

	Sample chain hotels FmPAR (A)			Destination overall FmPAR (B)			Test of H1 A > B
	3 stars	4 stars	5 stars	3 stars	4 stars	5 stars	3 stars	4 stars	5 stars
BARI		94.6			21.4			true
BERGAMO		114.2			112.7			true
BOLOGNA	130.6	60.0		70.6	102.4		true	false
BRESCIA		74.8			56.0			true
CATANIA	94.4	59.7		50.1	109.2		true	false
FLORENCE	124.2	179.2	172.2	134.4	168.8	134.1	false	true	true
GENOA	161.5	83.8		73.7	97.0		true	false
LECCE		73.3	89.9		20.4	113.2		true	false
MILAN	175.0	108.1		88.7	122.2		true	false
NAPLES		131.5			27.7			true
PADUA	153.1	56.7		81.9	131.8		true	false
PALERMO		134.3			63.3			true
PARMA	110.9	250.2		45.9	54.9		true	true
PESCARA	36.1	48.5		17.6	18.0		true	true
RIMINI	34.5	101.3		12.0	24.5		true	true
ROME	218.5	141.1	288.3	138.7	135.5	124.8	true	true	true
SIENA		105.2			110.7			false
SYRACUSE	31.7	114.6		35.1	35.3		false	true
TURIN	145.7	51.2		21.2	27.7		true	true
VENICE	414.7	231.8	406.5	178.0	211.9	146.8	true	true	true
VERONA	136.0			135.0			true

Source: Authors own research and survey evidence.

Figure 1. Comparing FmPAR of chain and independent hotels for each destination and scale.

Figure 2. Mean and median values of the FmPAR according to nationality (international versus domestic).