Labour integration of young people at risk of social exclusion through the development of key competencies

Figures & data

Table 1. Variables in the pre and post questionnaire.

Physical appearance	1. Concerned about caring for his/her appearance.
	2. Takes care to maintain the standards of decorum and cleanliness suitable for the cultural environment with which he/she is engaged.
	3. Interacts and maintains good relationships with others by making good use of his/her communication skills (does not swear, does not insult).
	4. Respects the minimum levels of courtesy (good morning, goodbye).
Self-confidence	5. Acts effectively under time pressure.
	6. Deals with disagreement and adversity.
	7. Does not show tiredness affecting a loss of control of behaviour.
	8. Attempts to find out how to learn from mistakes, without blaming other people.
Attitude	9. Maintains a positive attitude in any situation.
	10. Takes the initiative to recover the vision.
	11. Copes with ease in situations of stress and does not harm the good climate or the loss of initiative.
	12. Engages with the team, plays and is able to brighten up the day for people around him/her, without losing sight of the continuous improvement of the purpose.
Organisation and Planning	13. Is able to set goals to achieve, as well as priorities.
	14. Is able to identify what is important in urgent issues, efficiently selecting and distributing the tasks, time and resources required to achieve it.
	15. Carries out all the activities proposed in the classroom.
	16. Passes the theoretical and practical examinations sat.

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 2. Social skills development programme.

	Objectives	Exercises
Week 1	Human behaviour in the Organisation. The importance of the cultural model. Initial assessment of each student performed by the teacher of each group.	Elevator Pitch. Crossed presentations. Administration of the initial competencies questionnaire.
Week 2	This consists of raising the students’ awareness of the importance of becoming aware of their role and setting shared and individual objectives. Practical exercises simulating real situations.	Group dynamics and job interviews. Preparation of the Curriculum Vitae. Talk with experts. Visit to a company.
Week 3	External activities. Outdoor training, in order to gain self-confidence and learn how to function in an unknown environment that is full of uncertainty (Núñez et al., 2018). Students’ qualitative conclusions about their experience and their degree of satisfaction about the course. Final assessment of each student performed by the teacher of each group.	Outdoor Training sessions. Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Theoretical-practical exam. Administration of the final competencies questionnaire.

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 3. Descriptive statistics.

	Before			After		Improvement
	Mean		Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean
v1	1.8333		0.5985	1.9959	0.5987	0.163
v2	1.8567		0.5807	2.0950	0.6003	0.238
v3	1.8567		0.6142	2.1088	0.5968	0.252
v4	1.8457		0.5802	2.0193	0.5908	0.174
Appearance	7.3926		2.2803	8.2190	2.3214	0.826
v5	1.8320		0.5975	2.0620	0.6149	0.230
v6	1.8251		0.6087	2.2369	0.6266	0.412
v7	1.8457		0.5896	2.2741	0.6426	0.428
v8	1.8402		0.5917	2.1074	0.6192	0.267
Confidence	7.3430		2.3078	8.6804	2.4182	1.337
v9	1.7893		0.6110	1.9931	0.6776	0.204
v10	1.7796		0.6024	2.2410	0.6775	0.461
v11	1.7920		0.6153	2.1625	0.6749	0.371
v12	1.7782		0.6082	2.0142	0.6809	0.236
Attitude	7.1391		2.3603	8.4109	2.6292	1.272
v13	1.7369		0.6682	2.0179	0.7463	0.281
v14	1.7927		0.6516	2.0647	0.6179	0.272
v15	1.7810		0.6561	2.0317	0.6646	0.251
v16	1.7383		0.6651	2.0152	0.7399	0.277
Organisation_plan	7.0489		2.5886	8.1295	2.6887	1.081

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 4. Determinant factors in employment.

		Start	End	Improvement
Appearance		0.124***	0.156***	0.075***
		(0.031)	(0.059)	(0.027)
Self-confidence		0.008	0.243**	0.063**
		(0.046)	(0.109)	(0.025)
Attitude		0.247***	0.183**	0.055**
		(0.055)	(0.088)	(0.024)
Organisation and planning		0.162***	0.277***	0.064***
		(0.030)	(0.069)	(0.023)
Experience		–0.532***	–0.480**	–0.229***
		(0.134)	(0.230)	(0.063)
Level of education		–0.196**	0.008	0.010
		(0.099)	(0.146)	(0.050)
Man		–0.018	–0.249	–0.062
		(0.107)	(0.195)	(0.058)
Age		–0.092***	–0.122***	–0.020**
		(0.020)	(0.036)	(0.009)
Number of Observations		373	373	373
Wald Chi Square (specif.) Prob > Chi Square		66.94*** 0.000	25.37*** 0.0013	67.29*** 0.000
Likelihood-ratio test Prob > Chi Square		382.71*** 0.000	463.85*** 0.000	83.37*** 0.000
Pseudo R‐square		0.770	0.933	0.168
Log likelihood function		–57.203	–16.636	–206.878
Correctly classified		93.39%	97.80%	69.70%

Average marginal effects. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01.

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Núñez, M. T. D. V., Romero, F. J. C., Sánchez, R. C., & Aránega, A. Y. (2018). Developing management skills through experiential learning: The effectiveness of outdoor training and mindfulness. European Journal of International Management, 12(5/6), 676–694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2018.094473

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