Impact of COVID-19 on transportation and logistics: a case of China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Logistic Performance Index 2018.

Source: World Bank (2018).

Figure 2. Conceptual model of the study.

Source: Author Estimation.

Figure 3. Measurement model.

Source: Author Estimation.

Table 1. Reliability and convergent validity of the constructs.

Latent Constructs	Indicators	Factor Loadings	Cronbach's Alpha	Composite Reliability	Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
Air Freight	AF1	0.821***	0.748	0.857	0.670
	AF2	0.935***
	AF3	0.680***
COVID-19	COV1	0.837***	0.841	0.904	0.759
	COV2	0.884***
	COV3	0.891***
Land Freight	LF1	0.856***	0.921	0.951	0.866
	LF2	0.967***
	LF3	0.964***
Ocean Freight	OF1	0.866***	0.870	0.909	0.770
	OF2	0.834***
	OF3	0.929***

*** : indicating significance at 1%.

Source: Author Estimation.

Table 2. Determination of discriminant validity using HTMT ratio.

	Air Freight	COVID-19	Land Freight
COVID-19	0.513
Land Freight	0.337	0.686
Ocean Freight	0.111	0.096	0.112

Source: Author Estimation.

Figure 4. Bootstrapping with T-statistics.

Source: Author Estimation.

Table 3. Path analysis.

Path	Path Coefficient (B)	T Statistics	p values
COVID-19 -> Air Freight	−0.417	7.338	0.000
COVID-19 -> Land Freight	−0.608	15.348	0.000
COVID-19 -> Ocean Freight	0.098	1.522	0.128

*** : indicating significance at 1%.

Source: Author Estimation.

Figure 5. Blindfolding.

Source: Author Estimation.

Table 4. R-squared and blindfolding (Q-square).

	R Square	R Square Adjusted	Q-square
Air Freight	17.42%	17.15%	0.110
Land Freight	36.94%	36.74%	0.315
Ocean Freight	0.97%	0.65%	0.003

Source: Author Estimation.

Table

Hypothesis	p values	Accept/Reject
There is a significant impact of COVID-19 on Airfreight	0.000	Accept
There is a significant impact of COVID-19 on Land freight	0.000	Accept
There is a significant impact of COVID-19 on Ocean freight	0.128	Reject