The right to education as a building block of competence for democratic cultures in sports pedagogy

Figures & data

Figure 1. The conceptual model of competences for democratic culture – CoE, 2018.

Figure 2. Base for descriptors (theoretical background) – CoE, 2018.

Table 1. Skills indicator variables.

Variable (S)	Descriptive Statistics - Skills
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Std.Dev.
I believe that PE teachers are fully trained after graduation to work in the classroom	1,89	2	2	181	0,89
I believe that PE teachers have well-developed athletic skills	1,89	2	2	223	0,69
I believe that PE teachers have well-developed motivational skills	2,07	2	2	197	0,83
I believe that PE teachers have well-developed organizational skills	1,86	2	2	187	0,78
I believe that PE teachers have well-developed teaching skills	1,96	2	2	177	0,87
I believe that PE teachers have well-developed communication skills	2,08	2	2	180	0,92
I think that a PE teacher should be linguistically literate	1,21	1	1	275	0,49
I think that a PE teacher should have developed numerical skills	1,6	2	1	166	0,67
I think that a PE teacher in their work should be focused on solving problems	1,49	1	1	186	0,59
I think that a PE teacher should master oral and written skills	1,37	1	1	220	0,53
I think that a PE teacher must meet the minimum educational standards (university degree)	1,21	1	1	278	0,5
I believe that the objectives of PE classes support the development of critical thinking	1,93	2	2	158	0,87
I think that in his work, PE teacher develops awareness and capabilities of the local environment	1,82	2	2	176	0,77
I think that in his work PE teacher develops awareness of the importance of health and healthy habits	1,27	1	1	260	0,55
I think that in his work PE teacher develops awareness of sexual and reproductive rights	2,45	2	2	142	1,01
I think that in his work PE teacher uses methods for the development of critical thinking	1,97	2	2	170	0,88
I think that in his work PE teacher uses strategies of cooperative learning	1,73	2	2	190	0,7
I think that in his work PE teacher supports the students in the creative expression of one's opinion	1,72	2	2	153	0,77
I think that in his work PE teacher uses strategies of non-violent conflict resolution	1,37	1	1	226	0,58
I think that in his work PE teacher develops a competitive spirit among students	1,29	1	1	249	0,51
I think that in his work PE teacher develops fair play and mutual respect	1,18	1	1	282	0,44

Table 2. Tolerance indicator variables.

Variable (T)	Descriptive Statistics - Tolerance
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Std.Dev.
I think that PE teaching promotes non-violence	1,37	1	1	234	0,64
I think that PE teaching promotes respect for different nations, races and religions	1,5	1	1	213	0,79
I think that PE teaching emphasizes positive examples from its field	1,41	1	1	213	0,6
I think that the PE teacher teaches students about human rights	1,91	2	2	146	0,93
I think that: the PE teacher tries to ensure human and legal values in teaching	1,79	2	2	166	0,78
I think that the PE teacher teaches students about equality	1,56	1	1	186	0,75
I think that PE teaching is designed to promote equality	1,86	2	2	147	0,95
I believe that PE curriculum must include topics in the field of gender and gender equality	2,27	2	2	136	1,11
I think that PE curriculum must include topics in the field of respect and coexistence	1,87	2	2	151	0,9
I believe that PE curriculum must include topics in the field of non-violent conflict resolution	1,57	1	1	183	0,73
I think that PE curriculum must include topics in the field of democracy	2,2	2	2	122	1,08
I think that PE curriculum must include topics in the field of environmental protection	2,21	2	2	130	1,08
I think that PE curriculum must include topics from the protection of children's rights	2,04	2	2	137	1,03

Table 3. Teacher qualification indicator variables.

Variable (Q)	Descriptive Statistics - Qualifications
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Std.Dev.
I think that a five-year study is enough to work with students in primary school	1,69	1	1	177	0,92
I think that during my studies I get enough internships in educational institutions	2,42	2	2	154	1,14
I think that in reality, PE teachers are trained to work in the school after graduation	2,01	2	2	179	0,94
I think that the teacher has the support of the competent institutions in his work	2,73	2	2	136	1,14
I think that lifelong learning is necessary for work	1,61	1	1	176	0,77
I think that it is necessary to be further educated in the field of PE	1,82	2	2	150	0,89
I think that I need to be further educated in pedagogical skills	2,11	2	2	157	1
I think that I need to be further educated in the field of conflict resolution	2,24	2	2	139	1,07
I think that I need to be further educated in the field of respect for children's dignity	2,39	2	2	131	1,11
I think that I need to be further educated in the field of human and children's rights	2,38	2	2	122	1,09
I think that I need to be further educated in the field of gender equality	2,53	2	2	121	1,14
I believe that a PE teacher must be regularly professionally trained	1,56	1	1	193	0,76
I think that all professional training in the Republic of Croatia is available to the PE teacher	2,54	2	2	118	1,28
I believe that professional training provided by ETTA is modern and sufficient for current needs	2,39	2	2	155	1,09
I believe that professional development is a matter of personal choice and should not be prescribed by acts	2,91	3	2	109	1,26
I think that PE teachers who stand out for their quality of work should be rewarded	1,52	1	1	208	0,78
I believe that prominent PE teachers should be provided with advancement in the field	1,45	1	1	221	0,72
I believe that prominent PE teachers should be seen as a role model and example of work in this area	1,48	1	1	215	0,72

Table 4. Gender indicator variables.

Variables (G)	Descriptive Statistics - Gender
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Variance	Std.Dev.
I think PE teacher takes all measures to promote gender equality in PE class	2,17	2	2	150	0,9	0,95
I think PE teacher gives the same opportunities to girls and boys in PE class	1,62	2	1	163	0,51	0,72
I think that girls do not have the same abilities as boys	2,63	2	2	149	1,53	1,24
I think that classes for boys should be held by the M teacher, and for girls - by the F teacher	3,11	4	4	123	1,85	1,36
I think that boys are superior in teaching PE in terms of motor skills	2,88	3	4	125	1,7	1,3
I think that boys are superior in teaching PE in intellectual abilities	3,97	4	4	197	0,82	0,91
I think that the PE teacher is obliged to raise awareness of stereotypes	2,51	2	2	149	1,2	1,1
I think that male and female PE teachers should be employed equally	1,86	2	1	152	0,99	1
I think that violence in all its forms happens in schools	2,66	2	2	149	1,25	1,12
I think that in the gym I can notice if something is happening with the students	1,82	2	2	212	0,44	0,66
I think that PE teacher should pay special attention to student victims and bullies	1,82	2	2	199	0,55	0,74
I think that PE teacher has all the necessary knowledge and skills needed to prevent violence	2,47	2	2	151	1,15	1,07
I think that the PE teacher uses all available means allowed in the school to react to violence	2,06	2	2	170	0,87	0,94
I think PE teacher enjoys and supports colleagues in preventing school violence	1,98	2	2	185	0,76	0,87
I think that PE teacher organizes various events on the school playground / yard to raise awareness about the problem of violence	2,27	2	2	170	0,94	0,97
I think that PE teacher is obliged to be aware of gender prejudices	2,41	2	2	148	1,07	1,03
I think that girls are superior in teaching PE in terms of motor skills	3,9	4	4	231	0,61	0,78
I think that girls are superior in teaching PE in intellectual abilities	3,82	4	4	196	0,9	0,95

Table 5. Discipline indicator variables.

Variables (D)	Descriptive Statistics - Discipline
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Variance	Std.Dev.
I think that corporal punishment of students is allowed in PE classes	4,39	5	5	205	0,93	0,96
I think that students need to be heard before punishment	1,89	2	2	146	1,13	1,06
I think corporal punishment is prohibited by law	1,75	1	1	198	1,28	1,13
I think that the PE teacher is trained to respect children's dignity	1,99	2	2	154	1,04	1,02
I think that sometimes it is necessary to publicly humiliate a student	3,89	4	4	132	1,26	1,12
I think that bullying is part of a student's competitive act	4,07	4	5	136	0,98	0,99
I think I am authorized to punish a student in PE classes	3,44	4	4	100	1,55	1,25
I think that discipline is a key part of teaching PE	1,6	2	2	168	0,45	0,67
I feel that I achieve respect with discipline	2,13	2	2	173	1,04	1,02
I consider that disciplinary proceedings should be conducted before an independent body	2,66	3	2	118	1,14	1,07
I think that it is necessary to remove the student from classes if there are disciplinary problems	2,92	3	4	127	1,44	1,2
I find that Discipline in the classroom is more important to me than developing other skills	3,21	4	4	173	1,24	1,11
I think that student behavior is important and must be controlled	1,7	2	2	214	0,33	0,57
I think that I maintain discipline in classes with grades	3,64	4	4	191	1,08	1,04
I find that negative grades can help discipline students	3,19	4	4	144	1,31	1,15
I think that the cause of the students 'problematic behavior is the parents' fault	2,51	2	2	155	1,02	1,01
I find that the response to problematic student behavior is often instinctive and reactive rather than planned and proactive	2,74	2	2	170	1,03	1,02
I think that disciplinary problems only increase from year to year	2,45	2	2	146	1,32	1,15
I believe that the teaching of PE should not be interrupted by disciplinary problems of students	2,21	2	2	203	0,82	0,9
I think that PE teaching can be developed with positive discipline	1,69	2	2	207	0,34	0,58

Table 6. Religion indicator variables.

Variable (R)	Descriptive Statistics - Religion
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Variance	Std.Dev.
I think that different religions should be respected in teaching PE	1,75	2	1	150	0,73	0,85
I think that there is no place for teaching religion and ethics in PE classes	2,61	2	2	107	1,35	1,16
I think that students may be absent from PE classes during religiously important days	2,63	2	2	126	1,26	1,12
I think that there is always time to pray in PE classes	3,7	4	4	128	1,06	1,03
I think that the attitudes of the majority and its rules are more dominant	3,3	3	4	133	0,98	0,99
I think that you should also meet atheists in the class at the PE class	3,68	4	4	124	1,07	1,03
I think that more time should be devoted to the religious needs of the majority in the PE class	4,01	4	4	146	0,81	0,9
I think that if someone in the class is non-religious that it should not be discussed at PE because there is nothing to say about non-religiousness	3,1	3	3	119	1,37	1,17
I think that the school is a secular institution and I think that religion has no place in PE	2,5	2	2	107	1,4	1,18
I think that religious issues should be dealt with by religious schools	2,3	2	2	109	1,32	1,15
I think that I need a teaching assistant in case of religious issues	3,61	4	4	108	1,22	1,11
I think that I use cooperation with parents for religious issues	3,49	3	3	107	1,15	1,07
I think that in PE classes, students are free to discuss religious choices	3,01	3	3	111	1,15	1,07
I think that it is not necessary to check whether religious indoctrination is taking place in PE classes	2,85	3	3	133	1,09	1,05
I think that religious issues should be discussed in high school, not elementary school	3,32	3	3	151	0,87	0,93

Table 7. Language indicator variable.

Variable (L)	Descriptive Statistics - Language
	Mean	Median	Mode	Frequency	Variance	Std.Dev.
I think that in teaching PE we should speak the official language (standard / literary)	1,54	1	1	179	0,44	0,67
I think that PE should be bilingual in teaching if there is such a need for school	2,63	2	2	141	1,33	1,15
I think minority language needs to be respected	2,51	2	2	165	1,15	1,07
I think that the PE teacher adapts to students of different language areas	2,84	3	2	141	1,17	1,08
I think PE teacher needs to know the local characteristics of the place where he works	1,92	2	2	214	0,57	0,76
I think that PE teacher contributes to students' language literacy	2,14	2	2	193	0,85	0,92
I think that by using the linguistic specifics of the place I contribute to a better working atmosphere of teaching	2,47	2	2	158	1,09	1,05
I think in PE classes, language instructions should be short because performance is more important	2,19	2	2	177	1,08	1,04
I think the use of language is less important than demonstration in teaching PE	3,22	4	4	163	1,35	1,16