Relationship between trade enhancement, firm characteristics and CSR: key mediating role of green investment

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research framework.

Source: Authors.

Table 1. Demographic details.

Respondent profile		(n = 456)
Attributes	Distribution	Frequency	(%)
Gender	Male	302	0.66
	Female	154	0.34
Age (years)	20 to 29	167	0.37
	30 to 39	133	0.29
	40 to 49	112	0.25
	More than 50	44	0.10
Education	Undergraduate	98	0.21
	Graduate	165	0.36
	Postgraduate	137	0.30
	Others	56	0.12
Job experience (years)	Less than 5	98	0.21
	6 to 10	156	0.34
	11 to 15	113	0.25
	More than 15	89	0.20
Managerial level	Low Level	145	0.32
	Middle Level	180	0.39
	Top Level	131	0.29

Source: Authors.

Figure 2. Measurement model assessment.

Source: Authors.

Table 2. Convergent validity.

Items	Loadings	Cronbach's alpha	CR	AVE
CSR1	0.910	0.884	0.92	0.741
CSR2	0.823
CSR3	0.874
CSR5	0.834
FC1	0.895	0.928	0.946	0.778
FC2	0.887
FC3	0.759
FC4	0.930
FC6	0.927
GI1	0.844	0.928	0.949	0.824
GI2	0.942
GI3	0.892
GI5	0.950
TE1	0.913	0.951	0.963	0.837
TE2	0.924
TE3	0.935
TE4	0.929
TE5	0.872

Source: Authors.

Table 3. Discriminant Validity (HTMT).

	CSR	FC	GI	TE
CSR
FC	0.441
GI	0.719	0.624
TE	0.54	0.339	0.508

Source: Authors.

Figure 3. Structural model assessment.

Source: Authors.

Table 4. Hypotheses testing.

	Path	Beta	Sample mean	Std. error	T-Value	P values	Decision
H1	TE -> CSR	0.231	0.235	0.067	3.452	0.000	Supported
H2	TE -> GI	0.324	0.318	0.079	4.083	0.000	Supported
H3	FC -> CSR	−0.012	−0.008	0.077	0.157	0.438	Not supported
H4	FC -> GI	−0.482	−0.492	0.081	5.916	0.000	Not supported
H5	GI -> CSR	0.550	0.551	0.078	7.048	0.000	Supported

Source: Authors.

Table 5. Indirect effects.

	Path	Std. beta	Sample mean	Std. error	T-value	P values	Decision
H6	TE -> GI -> CSR	0.178	0.175	0.049	3.633	0.000	Supported
H7	FC -> GI -> CSR	−0.265	−0.270	0.054	4.899	0.000	Supported

Source: Authors.