Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability: achieving firms sustainable performance supported by plant capability

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic of sample.

Gender	Frequency	Percentages
Male	245	61.40%
Female	154	38.60%
Total	399	100%
Age group
20 to 29 years	40	10.02%
30 to 39 years	279	69.92%
40 to 49 years	59	14.78%
50 and above	21	5.28%
Total	399	100%
Experience
0–5 years	39	9.77%
6–10 years	220	55.13%
11–15 years	80	20.05%
15 and above	60	15.05%
Total	399	100%

Source: Author’s estimations.

Figure 1. Model framework.

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 2. Construct reliability and validity.

	Cronbach's Alpha	rho_A	Composite reliability	Average variance extracted (AVE)
CSR community	0.833	0.838	0.882	0.600
CSR consumer	0.764	0.772	0.841	0.516
CSR employee	0.804	0.812	0.864	0.561
CSR environment	0.854	0.858	0.896	0.633
Environmental sustainable development	0.838	0.839	0.886	0.609
Firm sustainable performance	0.783	0.794	0.853	0.540
Moderating effect ESD*PC	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Plant capacity	0.755	0.765	0.835	0.504

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 3. Inner VIF.

	CSR com	CSR con	CSR emp	CSR env	ESD	FSP	Mod ESD*PC	Plant Cap
CSR com					1.183	1.236
CSR con					1.547	1.726
CSR emp					1.178	1.333
CSR env					1.506	1.665
ESD						1.596
FSP
Mod ESD*PC						1.009
Plant Cap						1.586

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 4. Outer VIF.

	VIF
CSRcom1	1.484
CSRcom2	2.119
CSRcom3	2.330
CSRcom4	1.904
CSRcom5	1.344
CSRcon1	1.292
CSRcon2	1.430
CSRcon3	1.557
CSRcon4	1.409
CSRcon5	1.438
CSRem2	1.620
CSRem3	1.673
CSRem4	1.371
CSRem5	1.503
CSRem6	1.658
CSRen1	2.030
CSRen2	2.159
CSRen3	2.217
CSRen4	1.713
CSRen5	1.573
ES1	1.609
ES2	2.024
ES3	2.071
ES4	1.900
ES5	1.515
Mod ESD*PC	1.000
FSP1	1.499
FSP2	1.582
FSP3	1.716
FSP4	1.717
FSP5	1.199
PC1	1.316
PC2	1.477
PC3	1.478
PC4	1.441
PC5	1.367

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 5. Factor loading.

Items	CSR com	CSR con	CSR emp	CSR env	ESD	FSP	Mod ESD*PC	Plant Cap
CSRcom1	0.735	0.304	0.197	0.266	0.236	0.331	−0.035	0.277
CSRcom2	0.824	0.216	0.161	0.288	0.204	0.351	0.046	0.277
CSRcom3	0.849	0.298	0.247	0.282	0.272	0.347	0.033	0.326
CSRcom4	0.755	0.148	0.137	0.237	0.153	0.231	−0.003	0.233
CSRcom5	0.702	0.249	0.188	0.222	0.210	0.383	−0.006	0.327
CSRcon1	0.179	0.626	0.231	0.282	0.295	0.219	0.014	0.290
CSRcon2	0.261	0.730	0.183	0.447	0.358	0.321	0.008	0.361
CSRcon3	0.178	0.760	0.303	0.350	0.348	0.295	−0.013	0.348
CSRcon4	0.250	0.719	0.213	0.479	0.379	0.288	0.011	0.325
CSRcon5	0.278	0.747	0.324	0.392	0.403	0.329	0.036	0.396
CSRem2	0.218	0.287	0.771	0.237	0.316	0.310	0.026	0.359
CSRem3	0.211	0.343	0.796	0.262	0.340	0.357	0.029	0.369
CSRem4	0.173	0.215	0.677	0.125	0.276	0.256	0.116	0.183
CSRem5	0.176	0.266	0.718	0.196	0.313	0.228	0.023	0.286
CSRem6	0.139	0.192	0.778	0.261	0.303	0.325	0.054	0.311
CSRen1	0.314	0.521	0.211	0.806	0.343	0.316	0.082	0.378
CSRen2	0.281	0.429	0.241	0.822	0.384	0.370	0.049	0.370
CSRen3	0.296	0.436	0.269	0.844	0.433	0.363	0.032	0.393
CSRen4	0.201	0.428	0.257	0.765	0.409	0.281	0.032	0.342
CSRen5	0.244	0.376	0.183	0.737	0.360	0.339	0.076	0.320
ES1	0.277	0.364	0.269	0.350	0.726	0.379	0.033	0.352
ES2	0.276	0.401	0.348	0.419	0.829	0.369	0.001	0.373
ES3	0.196	0.371	0.338	0.354	0.822	0.337	0.016	0.321
ES4	0.211	0.429	0.282	0.395	0.797	0.321	0.014	0.296
ES5	0.143	0.382	0.373	0.375	0.720	0.332	0.025	0.289
Mod ESD*PC	0.010	0.016	0.064	0.067	0.023	0.171	1.000	0.026
FSP1	0.287	0.275	0.285	0.346	0.373	0.757	0.110	0.531
FSP2	0.351	0.362	0.320	0.255	0.346	0.769	0.129	0.514
FSP3	0.348	0.266	0.292	0.317	0.292	0.775	0.155	0.444
FSP4	0.340	0.314	0.321	0.308	0.312	0.780	0.137	0.461
FSP5	0.266	0.282	0.240	0.334	0.317	0.574	0.096	0.337
PC1	0.206	0.346	0.363	0.350	0.275	0.327	0.052	0.619
PC2	0.274	0.380	0.349	0.334	0.370	0.454	0.045	0.746
PC3	0.276	0.289	0.274	0.253	0.227	0.442	−0.029	0.718
PC4	0.236	0.321	0.214	0.307	0.261	0.438	0.034	0.727
PC5	0.329	0.378	0.278	0.374	0.347	0.536	0.003	0.732

5% levels of signifies in bold.

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 6. Discriminant validity Fornell-Larcker criterion.

	CSR community	CSR consumer	CSR employee	CSR environment	Environmental sustainable development	Firm sustainable performance	Moderating effect ESD*PC	Plant capacity
CSR community	0.775
CSR consumer	0.323	0.718
CSR employee	0.246	0.350	0.749
CSR environment	0.336	0.548	0.293	0.796
Environmental sustainable development	0.284	0.500	0.414	0.487	0.780
Firm sustainable performance	0.434	0.408	0.398	0.421	0.447	0.735
Moderating effect ESD*PC	0.010	0.016	0.064	0.067	0.023	0.171	1.000
plant capacity	0.378	0.482	0.409	0.454	0.420	0.629	0.026	0.710

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 7. Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT).

	CSR community	CSR consumer	CSR employee	CSR environment	Environmental sustainable development	Firm sustainable performance	Moderating effect ESD*PC	Plant capacity
CSR community
CSR consumer	0.389
CSR employee	0.293	0.442
CSR environment	0.396	0.675	0.347
Environmental sustainable development	0.331	0.621	0.503	0.573
Firm sustainable performance	0.527	0.524	0.497	0.519	0.553
Moderating effect ESD*PC	0.035	0.026	0.074	0.074	0.025	0.193
Plant capacity	0.461	0.632	0.527	0.566	0.523	0.798	0.053

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 8. R-square.

	R square	R square adjusted	Q square
Environmental sustainable development	0.367	0.360	0.216
Firm sustainable performance	0.502	0.491	0.261

Source: Author’s estimations.

Table 9. Bootstrapping.

	Original sample	Sample mean	Standard deviation	T statistics	P values	Results
Specific effects
CSR community -> Environmental Sustainable Development	0.056	0.056	0.057	0.989	0.323	Unsupported
CSR consumer -> Environmental Sustainable Development	0.259	0.260	0.062	4.147	0.000	Supported
CSR employee -> Environmental Sustainable Development	0.234	0.236	0.054	4.364	0.000	Supported
CSR environment -> Environmental Sustainable Development	0.257	0.258	0.059	4.360	0.000	Supported
CSR community -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.195	0.197	0.053	3.678	0.000	Supported
CSR consumer -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.042	0.045	0.054	0.786	0.432	Unsupported
CSR employee -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.124	0.125	0.045	2.776	0.006	Supported
CSR environment -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.090	0.091	0.053	1.717	0.086	Unsupported
Indirect effects
CSR community -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.008	0.008	0.009	0.892	0.373	Unsupported
CSR consumer -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.037	0.037	0.016	2.298	0.022	Supported
CSR employee -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.034	0.033	0.015	2.286	0.022	Supported
CSR environment -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.037	0.036	0.016	2.347	0.019	Supported
Mediation
Environmental Sustainable Development -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.144	0.141	0.052	2.771	0.006	Supported
Moderation
Moderating Effect ESD*PC -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.122	0.121	0.031	3.893	0.000	Supported
Plant Capacity -> Firm Sustainable Performance	0.431	0.429	0.054	8.008	0.000	Supported

Source: Author’s estimations.

Figure 2. Bootstrapping relationship chart.

Source: Author’s estimations.