Impact of corporate social responsibility on social and economic sustainability

Figures & data

Figure 1. CSR pyramid model.

Source: Carroll (2016).

Table 1. Measurements of variables.

Variable	Items	Question	Source
Economic responsibility	ER1	‘I believe that universities generate maximum profits.’	(Pino et al., 2016)
	ER2	‘I believe that university controls their variable costs strictly.’
	ER3	‘I believe that universities make plans for their long-term success.’
	ER4	I believe that university always improves economic performance.’
Legal responsibility	LR1	‘I believe that universities ensure that their employees act within the standards defined by the law.’	(Pino et al., 2016)
	LR2	‘I believe that universities refrain from putting aside their contractual obligations.’
	LR3	‘I believe that universities refrain from bending the law even this helps improve performance.’
	LR4	‘I believe that universities always submit to the principles defined by the regulatory system.’
Ethical responsibility	ETR1	‘I believe that universities permit ethical concerns to negatively affect economic performance.’	(Pino et al., 2016)
	ETR2	‘I believe that universities ensure that the respect of ethical principles has priority over economic performance.’
	ETR3	‘I believe that universities are committed to well-defined ethical principles.’
	ETR4	‘I believe that universities avoid compromising ethical standards to achieve corporate goals.’
Philanthropic responsibility	PR1	‘I believe that universities help solve social problems.’	(Pino et al., 2016)
		‘I believe that universities participate in the management of public affairs.’
		‘I believe that universities allocate some of their resource to philanthropic activities.’
		‘I believe that universities plays a role in our society that goes beyond the mere generation of profits.’
Social and economic sustainability	SES1	‘Institution transparency in business management is good.’	(J. Kim et al., 2015)
	SES2	‘Institutional governance is appropriate.’
	SES3	‘Institutional accountability is good.’
	SES4	‘Institution serves social responsibility.’
	SES5	‘Institution cares about human rights.’
	SES6	‘Institution makes social contributions.’
	SES7	‘Institution provides social activities for local communities.’
	SES8	‘Institution hires local people.’
	SES9	‘Institution donates and offers volunteer work.’
Organizational trust	OT1	‘I believe my employer has high integrity.’	(Suhaimi, 2019)
	OT2	‘I can expect my employer to treat me consistently and predictably.’
	OT3	‘In general, I believe my employer’s motives and intentions are good.’
	OT4	‘I think my employer treats me fairly.’
	OT5	‘Managers from my organization are open and upfront with me.’
	OT6	‘My employer is always honest and truthful.’
	OT7	‘I am not sure I fully trust my employer.’
Organizational commitment	OC1	‘I feel a strong sense of belonging to my organization.’	(Abdirahman, 2018)
	OC2	‘I feel emotionally attached to my organization.’
	OC3	‘I am proud to tell others I work at my organization (University).’
	OC4	‘I would be happy to work at my organization until I retire.’
	OC5	‘I feel that problems found by my organization are also my problems.’
	OC6	‘I care about the fate of this organization.’
	OC7	‘Working at my organization has a great deal of personal meaning to me.’
	OC8	‘I am willing to put a great deal of effort beyond that normally expected to help this organization be successful.’
	OC9	‘I would accept almost any type of job assignment to keep working for this organization.’
	OC10	‘I am extremely glad that I chose this organization to work for over others I was considering at the time I joined.’

Table 2. Convergent validity.

Constructs	Items	Loadings	Alpha	CR	AVE
Economic responsibility	ER2	0.865	0.775	0.820	0.604
	ER3	0.752
	ER4	0.707
Ethical responsibility	ETR1	0.592	0.746	0.811	0.594
	ETR2	0.868
	ETR4	0.824
Legal responsibility	LR1	0.851	0.849	0.899	0.689
	LR2	0.769
	LR3	0.844
	LR4	0.855
Organizational commitment	OC1	0.705	0.893	0.913	0.540
	OC10	0.721
	OC2	0.710
	OC3	0.709
	OC5	0.745
	OC6	0.763
	OC7	0.767
	OC8	0.722
	OC9	0.766
Organizational trust	OT1	0.797	0.860	0.896	0.590
	OT2	0.833
	OT4	0.735
	OT5	0.749
	OT6	0.807
	OT7	0.676
Philanthropic responsibility	PR1	0.908	0.913	0.939	0.793
	PR2	0.843
	PR3	0.893
	PR4	0.915
Social & economic sustainability	SES1	0.726	0.893	0.913	0.541
	SES2	0.734
	SES3	0.645
	SES4	0.765
	SES5	0.790
	SES6	0.805
	SES7	0.771
	SES8	0.742
	SES9	0.619

Source: Author’s estimation.

Figure 2. Research model.

Source: Author’s estimation.

Figure 3. Measurement model assessment.

Source: Author’s estimation.

Figure 4. Structural model assessment.

Source: Author’s estimation.

Table 3. Discriminant validity.

	ER	ETR	LR	OC	OT	PR	SES
ER
ETR	0.417
LR	0.557	0.149
OC	0.776	0.333	0.702
OT	0.636	0.413	0.522	0.735
PR	0.268	0.111	0.357	0.375	0.206
SES	0.676	0.346	0.668	0.703	0.726	0.366

Source: Author’s estimation.

Table 4. A path analysis.

Relationships	Beta	S.D.	T statistics	P values	L.L.	U.L.
ER -> OT	0.170	0.033	5.186	0.000	0.116	0.234
ETR -> OT	0.128	0.029	4.454	0.000	0.058	0.169
LR -> OT	0.098	0.037	2.619	0.010	0.019	0.159
OT -> OC	0.656	0.020	32.579	0.000	0.620	0.698
PR -> OT	0.053	0.026	2.047	0.043	0.110	0.315
SES -> OT	0.493	0.039	12.604	0.000	0.415	0.561

Source: Author’s estimation.

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