A cross-sectoral analysis of energy shortages in Pakistan: based on supply-driven input-output model

Figures & data

Figure 1. Nexus between electricity consumption rate and GDP growth rate.

Source: https://www.worlddata.info/asia/pakistan/energy-consumption.php; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=PK

Table 1. Sectorial division of Pakistan’s economy.

Sector name	ID	Sector name	ID
Agriculture & forestry	S1	Construction	S18
Mining and quarrying	S2	Sale and maintenance	S19
Food & beverage	S3	Wholesale trade	S20
Textiles and its products	S4	Retail trade	S21
Leather and its products	S5	Hotels and restaurants	S22
Wood and its products	S6	Inland transport	S23
Paper and printing	S7	Water transport	S24
Coke and refine petroleum	S8	Air transport	S25
Chemicals and their products	S9	Auxiliary transport	S26
Rubber and plastics	S10	Post and telecom	S27
Non-metallic minerals	S11	Financial intermediation	S28
Fabricated metal	S12	Real estate activities	S29
Machinery	S13	Renting of Machinery	S30
Electrical and optical equipment	S14	Public administration	S31
Transport equipment	S15	Education	S32
Manufacturing and recycling	S16	Health and social work	S33
Electricity	S17	Other community	S34

Source: https://data.adb.org/.

Table 2. Seven highest difference input-output sectors in intermediate input coefficients.

Sector i		Sector j		$\Delta a_{ij}$
S4	Textile and its products	S13	Machinery	4.28%
S1	Agriculture and forestry	S3	Food and beverages	3.14%
S8	Coke and refined petroleum	S2	Mining and quarrying	3.10%
S22	Hotels and restaurants	S30	Renting of Machinery	2.39%
S5	Leather and its products	S16	Manufacturing and recycling	1.74%
S13	Machinery	S21	Retail trade	1.58%
S25	Air transport	S20	Wholesale trade	1.33%

Source: Author’s calculation.

Table 3. Input share (backward), Output share (Forward), and overall linkages effect.

Total Sectors	ID	Backward linkages affect		Forward linkages affect		Overall affect.
		Value	Rank	Value	Rank	Value	Rank
Agriculture & forestry	S1	0.84	26	2.65	01	3.49	02
Mining and quarrying	S2	0.75	30	1.13	10	1.88	17
Food & beverage	S3	1.24	04	0.84	19	2.08	07
Textiles and its products	S4	1.26	02	1.21	09	2.47	04
Leather and its products	S5	1.2	05	0.7	24	1.9	15
Wood and its products	S6	1.12	09	0.69	26	1.81	24
Paper and printing	S7	1.07	14	0.96	13	2.03	09
Coke and refine petroleum	S8	1.04	15	0.9	14	1.94	11
Chemicals and their products	S9	1.12	10	1.24	08	2.36	05
Rubber and plastics	S10	1.13	08	0.73	22	1.86	21
Non-metallic minerals	S11	01	20	0.87	16	1.87	20
Fabricated metal	S12	1.08	13	0.79	21	1.87	19
Machinery	S13	1.2	06	0.68	27	1.88	18
Electrical and optical equipment	S14	1.04	16	0.71	23	1.75	27
Transport equipment	S15	1.03	17	0.89	15	1.92	13
Manufacturing and recycling	S16	0.98	21	0.87	17	1.85	22
Electricity	S17	1.57	01	2.2	02	3.77	01
Construction	S18	1.1	11	0.65	30	1.75	26
Sale and maintenance	S19	0.88	23	0.7	25	1.58	32
Wholesale trade	S20	0.71	33	1.31	05	2.02	10
Retail trade	S21	0.79	27	1.79	03	2.58	03
Hotels and restaurants	S22	1.24	03	0.68	28	1.92	14
Inland transport	S23	01	19	1.34	04	2.34	06
Water transport	S24	1.09	12	0.62	33	1.71	29
Air transport	S25	1.14	07	0.66	29	1.8	25
Auxiliary transport activities	S26	0.88	24	1.02	11	1.9	16
Post and telecommunications	S27	0.95	22	0.87	18	1.82	23
Financial intermediation	S28	0.76	29	0.97	12	1.73	28
Real estate activities	S29	0.64	34	1.3	06	1.94	12
Renting of Machinery	S30	0.74	31	1.29	07	2.03	08
Public administration	S31	1.02	18	0.62	34	1.64	30
Education	S32	0.73	32	0.65	31	1.38	34
Health and social work	S33	0.87	25	0.64	32	1.51	33
Other community	S34	0.77	28	0.84	20	1.61	31

Source: Author’s calculation.

Figure 2. Electricity allocation and direct output impact.

Source: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/CNPP2021/countryprofiles/Pakistan/Pakistan.htm.

Figure 3. Forward linkages and indirect output impact.

Source: https://data.adb.org/dataset/pakistan-input-output-economic-indicators.

Figure 4. The interconnection between output allocations impact and indirect output.

Source: https://data.adb.org/dataset/pakistan-input-output-economic-indicators.

Figure 5. The nexus between electricity input coefficient and price impact.

Source: https://data.adb.org/.