Predicting changes in the carbon stocks of bamboo forests in Japan from 1985 to 2005

Figures & data

Table 1. Procedures for estimating the bamboo stand area for each bamboo forest type.

Year	Total bamboo stand area	Managed bamboo stand area		Abandoned bamboo stand area
		P. pubescens	P. bambusoides	Total	P. pubescens	P. bambusoides
1980	①
1984	②	③	④	⑤
1985	①	③	④	⑤	⑧	⑦
1990	①	③	④	⑤	⑧	⑦
1995	①	③	④	⑤	⑥	⑥
2000	②	③	④	⑤	⑧	⑦
2002	①
2005	②	③	④	⑤	⑧	⑦
2007	①

① Cited from the Japan Statistical Yearbook (published by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan).

② Estimated from ① using the linear interpolation.

③ and ④ Cited from the appendix of Bamboo Journal No. 1 − 28.

⑤ Estimated by subtracting ③ and ④ from ① or ②.

⑥ Estimated from ①, ③, and ④ so that the ratio of bamboo stand area for P. pubescens and P. bambusoides was 3:1 (Torii and Isagi 1997; Takano et al. 2017).

⑦ Estimated from ④ and ⑥ so that the decrease in ④ equals the increase in ⑥ and ⑦.

⑧ Estimated by subtracting ③, ④, and ⑦ from ① or ②.

Figure 1. Changes in the bamboo stand area (BSA) in Japan from 1985 to 2005.

Figure 2. Comparison of the carbon density (CD) between managed and abandoned bamboo stands for Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. and Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Houz. in Japan. The error bar indicates the standard deviation.

Figure 3. Changes in the predicted carbon stocks of bamboo forests (CS_bamboo) in Japan from 1985 to 2005.

Table 2. Carbon density of Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys bambusoides stands in Asian countries^a.

Species	Location	Number of observations	Carbon density (Mg C ha^−1)	References
P. pubescens	China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan	125	46.0 ± 39.8	Yuen et al. (2017)
	Central Taiwan	4	40.9 − 63.1 ^b	Lin et al. (2017)
	China	16	49.8 ± 21.2 ^c	Lin et al. (2017)
	Japan	7	73.8 ± 33.1 ^c	Lin et al. (2017)
	Korea	3	55.4 ± 18.5 ^c	Lin et al. (2017)
	Taiwan	7	72.6 ± 16.4	Lin et al. (2017)
	Taiwan	58	49.8 ± 19.8 ^d	Liu and Yen (2021)
	China	48	40.7 ± 15.7 ^e	Ouyang et al. (2022)
P. bambusoides	Japan, South Korea	2	45.7 ± 38.7	Yuen et al. (2017)

^aLiterature values for the carbon density since the publication of the review by Yuen et al. (2017).

^bResult based on the 4-year measurements.

^cValues based on data expected to overlap with Yuen et al. (2017).

^dEstimated value assuming the value of the root:shoot ratio was 0.5.

^eEstimated value assuming the value of the percent carbon content was 0.5.

Table 3. Carbon density of other forests in Japan^a.

Forest type/species	Carbon density (Mg C ha^−1)	References
Cryptomeria japonica plantations	25.8 − 176.2 (68.7) ^b	Fukuda et al. (2003)
Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations	1.3 − 115.6 (39.1) ^b	Fukuda et al. (2003)
Both plantations and natural forests	33.9 − 53.6 ^c	Fang et al. (2005)
Plantations	24.3 − 101.6 ^d	Sasaki and Kim (2009)
Natural forests	48.7 − 76.0 ^d	Sasaki and Kim (2009)
Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Fagus crenata, Quercus spp.	ca. 120	Egusa et al. (2020)
Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Abies sachalinensis, Picea jezoensis, Betula spp.	below 100 ^e	Egusa et al. (2020)

^aOnly values used to estimate the carbon stock of the forests other than bamboo in Japan.

^bValues in parentheses are averages.

^cEstimated value in 1947 and 1995.

^dEstimated value in 1966 and 2012.

^eValue read from Figure 3(a) in Egusa et al. (2020).

Table 4. National-scale carbon stock of bamboo forests in China.

Species	Period	Carbon stock (Tg C)	References
All bamboos in China	1950 − 1962	318.6 and 286.6 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
	1977 − 1981	427.4 and 341.8 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
	1984 − 1988	463.8 and 414.5 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
	1989 − 1993	493.0 and 436.3 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
	1994 − 1998	548.8 and 504.8 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
	1999 − 2003	631.6 and 605.5 ^a	Chen et al. (2009)
Phyllostachys pubescens	1977 − 1981	219.6	Wang et al. (2013)
	1984 − 1988	195.9	Wang et al. (2013)
	2004 − 2008	299.3	Wang et al. (2013)
Phyllostachys pubescens	2010	136.0 ± 6.5	Li et al. (2015)
Phyllostachys pubescens	2014 − 2018	174.8 ± 4.2 and 141.5 ± 3.0 ^a	Ouyang et al. (2022)

^aEstimated values using the area-based and culm-based methods, respectively.

Table 5. Carbon stock of other forests in Japan.

Forest type	Carbon stock (Tg C)	References
Cryptomeria japonica plantations	346.4 − 406.4 ^a	Fukuda et al. (2003)
Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations	139.2 − 166.4 ^a	Fukuda et al. (2003)
Both plantations and natural forests	751.8 − 1274.9 ^b	Fang et al. (2005)
Both plantations and natural forests	1114.8 − 2076.0 ^c	Sasaki and Kim (2009)
Both plantations and natural forests	3016.2 ± 26.9 or 2696.4 ± 25.4 ^d	Egusa et al. (2020)

^aEstimated value in 1990 and 1995.

^bEstimated value in 1957 and 1995.

^cEstimated value in 1966 and 2012.

^dEstimated value in 2011. The difference in the two values is because of the difference in the biomass expansion factor used.

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