Plant development and yield components under a tropical environment in soybean cultivars with temperate and tropical origins

Figures & data

Table 1. Name, origin and classification of the regions of 29 soybean cultivars.

Group of origin (n)	Cultivar name	Region
Japanese (n = 5)	Enrei, PI416937, Tanbaguro, Tachinagaha and Fukuyutaka	Temperate
US (n = 5)	UA4805, DS24-2, DS25-1, DS34-3 and DS65-4	Temperate
Indonesian-old (n = 5)	Merapi, Tidar, Ringgit, Wilis and Local Tegineneng	Tropics
Indonesian-modern (n = 5)	Dering-1, M100-47-52-13, M150-7B-41-10, Tanggamus and SC-1-8	Tropics
Other tropical (n = 9)	MANSHUU MASSHOKUTOU, ICHIGUUHOU, N 2491, M 652, SAN SAI, SJ4, SANDEK SIENG, E C 112,828 and MISS 33 DIXI	Tropics

Figure 1. Growth duration of temperate and tropical cultivars grown in the tropics. Data are mean of growth duration of 5 – 9 cultivars within groups. Bars represent standard deviation of total growth duration of 5 – 9 cultivars within groups. Growth stages were recorded according to Fehr et al. (1971). Stage indicated R1, beginning of flowering; R3, beginning of pod; R5, beginning seed-filling; R7, beginning of maturity; and R8, full maturity.

Figure 2. Seed yield performance of temperate and tropical cultivars. Data are mean ± SD of 5 – 9 cultivars within groups. Different letters between cultivars indicate significant difference at the .05 probability level.

Table 2. Yield and yield component of temperate and tropical cultivars grown in the tropics.

Cultivar group	Yield			Yield component
	Yield^†	TDW	HI	Pod number	Node number	Pod/Node	Seed weight	Seed number
	(g m^−2)	(g m^−2)		(m^−2)	(m^−2)		(g 100 seed^−1)	(m^−2)
Origin^‡
Japanese (n = 5)	146.03^b	279.1^b	.36^c	333^b	221^b	1.55^c	27.40^a	677^c
US (n = 5)	167.18^b	206.3^b	.47^a	601^b	258^b	2.28^ab	13.60^b	1.201^bc
Indonesian-old (n = 5)	252.70^a	374.7^a	.44^a	1459^a	549^a	2.66^a	10.24^bc	2978^a
Indonesian-modern (n = 5)	252.67^a	410.7^a	.42^ab	1184^a	534^a	2.18^b	10.96^bc	2419^ab
Other tropical (n = 9)	242.49^a	453.8^a	.37^bc	1340^a	644^a	2.16^b	9.18^c	2579^a
Region^‡
Temperate	156.6^b	242.7^b	.42	467^b	239.9^b	1.92^b	20.39^a	943^b
Tropical	247.9^a	421.7^a	.41	1330^a	590.2^a	2.30^a	10.16^b	2642^a
2014	170.1^b	327.5^b	.45^a	1037	511^b	1.92^b	13.2	1765^b
2015	262.7^a	392.4^a	.38^b	1028	427^a	2.42^a	14.1	2364^b
Year	**	*	**	ns	*	**	ns	**
Origin	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Region	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**
Year × Origin	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Notes: Values followed by the same letters in each cultivar group or year were not significantly different as determined by Tukey’s test at the 5% level. ANOVA results:

** p < .01

* p < .05

ns, not significant.

^† Yield 14% moisture content.

^‡ Values are means (n = 2 years).

Table 3. Corrected indices of yield, TDW and node number calculated from cumulative incident solar radiation to maturity and days to maturity.

Cultivar group	Yield index	TDW index	Node number index
Origin^‡
Japanese (n = 5)	.67^c	.78^b	.49^b
US (n = 5)	.87^bc	.89^ab	.83^ab
Indonesian-old (n = 5)	1.16^ab	1.02^ab	1.15^a
Indonesian-modern (n = 5)	1.20^a	1.20^a	1.15^a
Other tropical (n = 9)	1.05^ab	1.06^ab	1.19^a
Region^‡
Temperate	.77^b	.84^b	.66^b
Tropical	1.12^a	1.08^a	1.17^a
Year	ns	ns	ns
Origin	**	**	**
Region	**	**	**
Year × Origin	ns	ns	ns
t-test (p value)^†	.08	.349	.005

Notes: Values followed by the same letters in each cultivar group were not significantly different as determined by Tukey’s test at the 5% level. Cum IR_R7 = cumulative incident solar radiation from emergence to maturity; days to R7 = days from emergence to maturity. ANOVA results:

** p < .01

* p < .05

ns, not significant.

^† p-value of t-two sample test between Japanese and US cultivars.

^‡ Values are means (n = 2 years).

Figure 3. Maturity-corrected yield index of temperate and tropical cultivars. Different letters between cultivars indicate significant difference at the .05 probability level.

Figure 4. Daily average air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and day-length for 2014 and 2015 at Banten (2-yr experiment) and Kyoto (common planting from June to October).

Fehr, W. R., Caviness, C. E., Burmood, D. T., & Pennington, JS. (1971). Stage of development descriptions for soybeans. Glycine max (L.) merrill Crop Science, 11, 929–931. doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100060051x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar