Yield and related traits for a soybean breeding line ‘Tokei 1122’ with QTLs for long terminal racemes under high planting density conditions

Figures & data

Table 1. Daily average air temperature, solar radiation and precipitation during the growing seasons.

	Average air temperature(°C)			Solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)			Precipitation(mm)
Month	2013	2015	2004-2012*	2013	2015	2004-2012*	2013	2015	2004-2012*
5	10.4	12.4	5.5	173	240	163	20.5	18.5	14.4
6	16.6	15.2	8.8	231	186	284	25.7	37.3	29.9
7	20.9	19.6	12.7	201	192	328	27.0	23.0	32.5
8	22.1	20.6	16.7	149	180	325	68.2	31.7	37.6
9	17.9	16.7	19.5	122	133	179	65.3	61.3	38.0
10	12.1	9.5	21.4	97	109	285	38.5	26.2	62.9
Total	100.0	93.9	84.6	972	1039	1563	245.2	198.0	215.4

* indicates mean value of 2004–2012, respectively.

Figure 1. Plant shape at maturity in 2015.

TH: ‘Toyoharuka’, T22: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ* indicates row spacing, width, and number of seedlings per hill.Arrows show terminal raceme lengths.

Table 2. Planting density, growth development, seed yield and related traits in 2013.

					–(Month/day) –
Row width (cm)	Spacing (cm)	Number of seedlings per hill	Plantdensity (m^−2)	Cultivar	Flowering beginning(R1)	Maturity (R8)	Ripening days (R1-8) (d)		Seedyield (g m^−2)		Totaldry matterweight (g m^−2)		Harvestindex (%)		No. of pod (m^−2)		No. of nod (m^−2)		No. of pod per nod		No. of seed per pod		100-seed weight (g)		Sink capacity Seed number (m^−2)		Main stem length (cm)		No. of nod on the main stem (plant^−1)		No. of branch (plant^−1)		Degree of lodging (0–4)
60	10	1	16.7	T22	7/17	9/23	68	a	282	a	566	a	49.8	a	714	b	314	a	2.3	b	1.5	a	26.4	a	1068	b	43.1	b	9.9	a	2.6	a	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/17	9/29	74	b	275	a	564	a	48.8	a	586	a	315	a	1.9	a	1.4	a	32.5	b	846	a	46.2	a	10.1	a	2.5	a	0.0	a
50	10	1	20.0	T22	7/18	9/22	66	a	329	a	590	a	55.7	b	735	b	366	a	2.0	b	1.7	a	26.8	a	1229	b	42.5	b	10.5	a	2.0	b	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/17	9/26	71	b	296	a	571	a	51.8	a	632	a	404	a	1.6	a	1.4	a	33.2	b	891	a	47.5	a	10.9	a	2.7	a	0.0	a
60	7.5	1	22.2	T22	7/17	9/22	67	a	311	b	594	a	52.4	b	746	b	381	a	2.0	b	1.5	a	28.2	a	1101	b	45.5	a	10.5	a	1.7	b	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/17	9/28	73	b	285	a	577	a	49.5	a	653	a	406	a	1.6	a	1.3	a	33.7	b	846	a	43.5	a	10.6	a	2.1	a	0.0	a
40	10	1	25.0	T22	7/18	9/22	66	a	376	b	637	b	51.4	b	844	b	378	a	2.2	b	1.6	a	27.7	a	1357	b	45.0	b	9.3	a	2.4	a	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/17	9/27	72	b	282	a	574	a	42.7	a	658	a	457	b	1.4	a	1.2	a	34.3	b	822	a	50.3	a	11.1	b	2.3	a	0.0	a
60	5	1	33.3	T22	7/18	9/22	66	a	397	b	684	b	50.5	b	965	b	471	a	2.0	b	1.4	a	28.5	a	1393	b	47.1	b	8.5	a	1.1	b	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/16	9/28	74	b	339	a	631	a	46.7	a	715	a	530	b	1.3	a	1.4	a	34.4	b	985	a	53.2	a	10.3	b	2.0	a	0.0	a
ANOVA				Cultivar(C)			***		**		***		*		***		ns		***		ns		***		***		*		**		***		-
				Density(D)			ns		***		**		*		***		***		**		ns		***		***		*		***		***		-
				C × D			ns		*		†		*		***		ns		*		ns		ns		**		†		**		***		-

Means followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the 5% level according to the Tukey-Kramer test.

†, *, **, ***, and ns indicate significant at the 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, and not significant, respectively.

TH: ‘Toyoharuka’, T22: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ

Table 3. Planting density, growth development, seed yield and related traits in 2015.

					–(Month/day) –
Row width (cm)	Spacing (cm)	Number ofseedlings per hill	Plantdensity (m^−2)	Cultivar	Flowering beginning(R1)	Maturity (R8)	Ripening days(R1-8) (d)		Seedyield (g m^−2)		Totaldry matterweight (g m^−2)		Harvestindex (%)		No. ofpod (m^−2)		No. ofnod (m^−2)		No. of pod per nod		No. of seed per pod		100-seedweight (g)		Sink capacitySeed number (m^−2)		Main stem length (cm)		No. ofnod on themain stem (plant^−1)		No. ofbranch (plant^−1)		Degree of lodging (0–4)
60	10	1	16.7	T22	7/20	9/17	59	a	212	a	362	a	58.4	b	465	a	209	a	2.2	a	1.6	a	28.7	a	738	b	###	a	9.1	a	1.4	b	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/18	9/21	65	b	197	a	366	a	54.0	a	491	a	274	b	1.8	a	1.3	a	30.5	b	646	a	###	a	9.2	a	1.7	a	0.0	a
40	10	1	25.0	T22	7/20	9/17	59	a	275	b	473	b	58.1	b	683	b	299	a	2.3	b	1.4	a	28.2	a	974	b	###	a	9.2	a	1.4	a	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/18	9/21	65	b	211	a	397	a	53.1	a	609	a	332	b	1.8	a	1.1	a	30.5	b	690	a	###	a	9.3	a	1.3	a	0.0	a
60	10	2	33.3	T22	7/20	9/17	59	a	299	b	519	b	50.1	b	778	b	362	a	2.1	b	1.4	a	28.4	a	1051	b	###	b	9.0	b	1.0	a	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/18	9/23	67	b	253	a	466	a	47.3	a	758	a	532	b	1.4	a	1.0	a	32.7	b	774	a	###	a	9.6	a	0.8	a	0.0	a
40	10	2	50.0	T22	7/20	9/17	59	a	407	b	663	b	53.4	b	972	b	490	a	2.0	b	1.3	a	31.4	a	1295	b	###	a	9.6	a	0.5	a	0.0	a
				Toyoharuka	7/18	9/23	67	b	353	a	654	a	46.9	a	930	a	655	b	1.4	a	1.2	a	32.9	b	1073	a	###	a	9.8	a	0.4	a	0.0	a
ANOVA				Cultivar(C)			***		***		***		***		***		*		***		ns		***		***		ns		ns		ns		-
				Density(D)			ns		***		***		*		***		***		ns		ns		ns		***		**		*		**		-
				C × D			ns		*		†		*		*		ns		†		ns		ns		**		ns		ns		ns		-

Means followed by the same letters in the same column are not significantly different at the 5% level according to the Tukey-Kramer test.

†, *, **, ***, and ns indicate significant at the 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, and not significant, respectively.

TH: ‘Toyoharuka’, T22: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ

Figure 2. Effect of planting density on the seed yield, total dry matter weight, and harvest index.

(a and b) Seed yield, (c and d) total dry matter weight, and (e and f) harvest index (in 2013 and 2015, respectively).● :‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), ▲: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ (T22)†, * and ** indicate significant at the 10, 5% and 1% levels, respectively.

Figure 3. Effect of planting density on the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight. (a and b) Number of pods, (c and d) number of seeds per pod, and (e and f) 100-seed weight (in 2013 and 2015, respectively). ●: ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), ▲: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ (T22) †, *, and ** indicate significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.

Figure 4. Effect of planting density on the number of pods and number of pods per node on the main stem.

(a and b) Number of pods on the main stem and (c and d) number of pods per node on the main stem (in 2013 and 2015, respectively).●: ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), ▲: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ (T22)† and * indicate significant at the 10% and 5% levels, respectively.

Figure 5. Relationship between terminal raceme length and the number of pods per node on the main stem.

(a) 2013 and (b) 2015●: ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), ▲: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ (T22)* indicates significant at the 5% level.

Figure 6. Relationship between planting density and the leaf area per plant, and the relationship between the leaf area index and the seed yield.

(a and b) Relationship between planting density and the leaf area per plant and (c and d) relationship between the leaf area index and the seed yield (in 2013 and 2015, respectively).●: ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), ▲: ‘Tokei 1122ʹ (T22)* and ** indicate significant at the 5% and 1% levels, respectively.