Suppressive activity of volatile fatty acids and aromatic carboxylic acids on the germination of Monochoria vaginalis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Monochoria vaginalis germination under several pH conditions with or without volatile fatty acids and aromatic carboxylic acids. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences at 5% level by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Same lower-case letters indicate insignificant differences. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3); 3PPA: 3-phenylpropionic acid; 4PBA: 4-phenylbutyric acid

Figure 2. Monochoria vaginalis germination with various concentrations of volatile fatty acids at pH 4.6. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences to control (buffer only) at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively, by Dunnet’s test. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3)

Figure 3. Monochoria vaginalis germination with various concentrations of aromatic carboxylic acids at pH 4.6. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences to control (buffer only) at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively, by Dunnet’s test. Vertical bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3); 2PPA: 2-phenylpropionic acid; 3PPA: 3-phenylpropionic acid; 4PBA: 4-phenylbutyric acid

Table 1. Monochoria Vaginalis germination with VFA and ACA mixture solutions at pH4.6

VFA	ACA	Germination (%)
-	-	68.4 ± 3.4
	0.05 mM Benzoic acid	68.5 ± 5.6
	0.05 mM 2PPA	52.2 ± 4.0
	0.05 mM 3PPA	61.5 ± 6.9
	0.05 mM 4PBA	47.4 ± 6.3
0.55 mM Acetic acid	-	78.5 ± 8.4
0.5 mM Acetic acid	0.05 mM Benzoic acid	71.7 ± 1.7
	0.05 mM 2PPA	65.1 ± 5.9
	0.05 mM 3PPA	51.7 ± 2.5
	0.05 mM 4PBA	30.1 ± 1.9	*
0.55 mM Propionic acid	-	74.0 ± 7.0
0.5 mM Propionic acid	0.05 mM Benzoic acid	61.1 ± 7.2
	0.05 mM 2PPA	54.6 ± 6.1
	0.05 mM 3PPA	23.2 ± 3.2	**
	0.05 mM 4PBA	24.3 ± 4.5	**
0.55 mM Butyric acid	-	75.8 ± 0.9
0.5 mM Butyric acid	0.05 mM Benzoic acid	68.4 ± 4.2
	0.05 mM 2PPA	60.2 ± 1.4
	0.05 mM 3PPA	42.6 ± 8.3
	0.05 mM 4PBA	30.8 ± 9.6	*
0.55 mM Isobutyric acid	-	54.4 ± 2.9
0.5 mM Isobutyric acid	0.05 mM Benzoic acid	63.3 ± 5.1
	0.05 mM 2PPA	24.8 ± 9.4	**
	0.05 mM 3PPA	5.3 ± 2.7	***
	0.05 mM 4PBA	7.0 ± 2.3	***
‘-’ means buffer only.
*, **, and *** indicate significant differences to control (buffer only) at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively, by Dunnet’s test. VFA: volatile fatty acid; ACA: aromatic carboxylic acid; 2PPA: 2-phenylpropionic acid; 3PPA: 3-phenylpropionic acid; 4PBA: 4-phenylbutyric acid.