Genetic analysis of biochemical, fiber yield and quality traits of upland cotton under high-temperature

Figures & data

Table 1. List of lines, tester and their cross combinations used in experiment

Lines	Tester	Crosses	Crosses	Crosses
NIAB-1048	CRS-2	NIAB-1048 × CRS-2	NIAB-1048 × Shahkar	NIAB-1048 × FH-313
IUB-013	Shahkar	IUB-013 × CRS-2	IUB-013 × Shahkar	IUB-013× FH-313
IUB-65	FH-313	IUB-65 × CRS-2	IUB-65 × Shahkar	IUB-65 × FH-313
VH-329		VH-329 × CRS-2	VH-329× Shahkar	VH-329 × FH-313
FH-458		FH-458 × CRS-2	FH-458× Shahkar	FH-458 × FH-313

Figure 1. Minimum and maximum temperature inside the tunnel.

Figure 2. Minimum and maximum temperature outside the tunnel.

Figure 3. Average relative humidity outside and inside the tunnel.

Table 2. Mean square values for the influence of high-temperature stress on different agronomic, within boll yield components, fiber quality and physiological traits of cotton genotypes

Characters		Genotypes	Treatment	Genotype ×Treatment
Yield and yield related traits
Plant Height (cm)		146.66 **	1090.89 **	18.82 *
Height to node ratio		0.16044 **	0.15696 *	0.03355 ns
Number of bolls		43.573 **	439.141 **	12.346 **
Boll Weight (g)		0.30974 **	0.50261 *	0.07761 *
Seed cotton yield (g)		233.60 **	4548.69 *	44.49 **
Seed Index (g)		0.97542**	1.2914 **	0.0900ns
Lint index (g)		3.671 **	28.38 ns	3.900 **
Seeds per boll		38.72 **	0.067 ns	57.41 **
Seed mass per boll (g)		0.751 **	0.118 ns	1.023 **
Fiber quality traits
Lint (%)		69.816 **	386.630 *	16.138 ns
Lint mass per boll (g)		0.297 **	0.880 *	0.077 **
Short fiber contents (%)		0.871 **	1.108 ns	1.568 **
Fiber strength (g/tex)		17.35 **	34.45 ns	12.66 **
MIC value		1.341 **	2.852 *	0.247 **
Maturity index		0.001**	2.446 *	2.037ns
Reflectance		10.37 **	228.53 *	8.986 **
Upper half mean length (mm)		9.542 **	0.880 *	4.854 **
Uniformity index		7.728 **	108.6 *	12.34 **
Antioxidant
Hydrogen peroxide (μmol/g)		28.436 **	287.378 *	7.234 **
Catalase (U mg^−1 protein)		2402 **	713,135 *	659 **
Peroxidase (U mg^−1 protein)		572.3 **	89,693.8 *	303.4 **
Total Soluble proteins (mg g^−1 FW)		22.78 **	2730.45 *	14.40 **
Chlorophyll contents (mg g^−1 FW)	a	0.104 **	7.598 *	0.045 **
	b	0.013 **	0.442 *	0.005 **
Carotenoids (mg g^−1 FW)		0.012 **	4.0194*	0.005 **

* = Significance (α = 0.05), ** = Highly Significant (α = 0.01) n.s = non-significant.

Table 3d. Results for components of variability, genetic advance mean and heritability estimates of various traits under normal and high-temperature stress conditions

SOV	Reflectance		Upper half mean length (mm)		Uniformity index		Hydrogen peroxide (μmol/g),		Catalase (U mg^−1 protein),
	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	HT	N	N	HT
Mean	75.9	72.7	27.7	26	86.3	84.1	10.2	6	65.4	238.5
Max	82.2	76.5	31.4	30	91.5	86.8	18.6	13	112	317
Mini	69.4	68.5	23.1	20.9	80.1	80.1	3.4	2.3	15	205.7
CV%	3.13	1.59	6.47	3.93	1.59	1.17	14.84	27.83	7.49	3.18
GCV	3.8	3.8	4.1	10.7	4.5	2.2	41	60.6	61.8	15.6
PCV	4.4	4	6.2	11.1	4.6	2.4	42.3	63.7	62	15.7
ECV	2.2	1.1	4.6	2.8	1.1	0.8	10.5	19.6	5.3	2.3
H^2b %	74.6	91.9	44.7	93.7	94.1	87.8	93.8	90.5	99.3	98
GAM	4.6	5.1	3.8	14.5	6.1	2.9	55.6	80.7	86.1	21.6

CV %: Coefficient of variance GCV%: Genotypic coefficient of variance; PCV%: Phenotypic coefficient of variance; ECV%: Environmental coefficient of variance; H²b: Heritability; GAM: Genetic advance per percent mean.

Table 3f. Results for components of variability, genetic advance mean and heritability estimates of various traits under normal and high-temperature stress conditions

SOV	Peroxidase (U mg^−1 protein)		Total Soluble proteins (mg g^−1 FW)		Chlorophyll Contents (mg g^−1 FW),				Carotenoids (mg g^−1 FW)
					a		B
	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT
Mean	38.5	103.9	3.9	14.3	1	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.6
Max	12.4	125.3	6.5	25.3	1.75	0.76	0.48	0.30	0.32	0.79
Mini	90	85.7	1.2	8.7	0.59	0.18	0.11	0.09	0.05	0.46
CV%	12.91	4.60	12.43	11.76	8.33	11.39	10.71	13.54	13.65	9.41
GCV	60.7	11.1	46.5	35.7	31.2	40	30.3	40.3	54.7	22.3
PCV	74.3	11.6	47.3	36.6	31.9	40.8	30.3	41.4	55.6	23.2
ECV	42.8	3.2	8.7	8.3	6.8	8	0	9.8	9.6	6.3
H^2b %	66.8	92.2	96.6	94.9	95.5	96.1	100	94.4	97	92.5
GAM	69.5	15	64	48.6	42.6	54.9	42.4	54.7	75.4	30

CV %: Coefficient of variance GCV%: Genotypic coefficient of variance; PCV%: Phenotypic coefficient of variance; ECV%: Environmental coefficient of variance; H²b: Heritability; GAM: Genetic advance per percent mean.

Table 4b. Correlation among various biochemical traits of cotton genotypes under high-temperature stress condition

	CAT	Caro	Chla	Chlb	H2O2	POD	TSP
Caro	0.75**
Chl a	0.81**	0.80**
Chl b	0.68**	0.70**	0.86**
H2O2	0.56**	0.38**	0.55**	0.39**
POD	0.70**	0.83**	0.85**	0.81**	0.27**
TSP	0.69**	0.66**	0.75**	0.71**	0.27**	0.80**
SCY	0.76**	0.67**	0.86**	0.79**	0.56**	0.82**	0.73**

H₂O₂ = Hydrogen peroxide (μmol/g), CAT = Catalase (U mg⁻¹ protein), POD = Peroxidase (U mg⁻¹ protein), Chl a&b = Chlorophyll contents a & b (mg g⁻¹ FW), Caro = Carotenoids (mg g⁻¹ FW), TSP = Total Soluble proteins (mg g⁻¹ FW), SCY: Seed Cotton Yield (g)

Table 5b. Correlation among various morphological, within boll yield components and fiber quality traits of cotton genotypes under high-temperature stress condition

	BW	HNR	LI	PH	SI	SMPB	SPB	TNB	LMPB	LNT%	MAT	MIC	RD	SF	STR	UHML	UI
HNR	0.39**
LI	0.28*	0.13
PH	0.06	0.51**	0.05
SI	0.37**	0.35**	0.22	0.11
SMPB	0.25	−0.10	0.16	−0.01	0.02
SPB	0.26	−0.02	0.03	−0.10	0.03	0.36*
TNB	0.24	0.35*	0.12	0.21	0.26	0.47**	0.39**
LMPB	0.21	−0.01	−0.02	−0.34*	0.02	0.08	0.26	0.02
LNT	−0.05	0.02	0.09	−0.08	0.13	−0.16	−0.02	0.04	0.30*
MAT	0.26	0.14	0.04	0.10	0.11	0.04	−0.23	0.13	0.19	−0.02
MIC	0.33*	0.19	0.35*	−0.22	0.46**	−0.16	−0.05	−0.08	0.31*	0.29*	0.10
RD	−0.20	0.02	−0.16	0.02	−0.14	0.32*	0.02	−0.04	0.06	−0.24	−0.29*	−0.36**
SF	0.20	0.05	−0.00	−0.10	0.37*	−0.04	0.17	0.27	0.19	0.28*	0.24	0.14	−0.09
STR	0.13	0.30*	0.07	−0.01	0.08	0.02	0.06	0.31*	0.33*	0.12	0.40**	0.07	−0.16	0.21
UHML	0.35*	0.28*	0.12	0.11	0.06	0.15	0.00	0.28*	0.25	0.10	0.32*	0.19	−0.07	0.28*	0.36**
UI	0.09	0.40**	−0.01	0.16	0.32*	−0.27	0.01	0.22	0.15	0.38**	0.31*	0.17	−0.18	0.40**	0.34*	0.29*
SCY	0.55**	0.39**	0.13	0.48**	0.32*	0.32*	0.21	0.60**	−0.14	−0.31*	0.28	−0.04	−0.22	0.05	0.19	0.23	−0.05

P.H. = Plant Height (cm), HNR = Height to node ratio, NB = number of bolls, BW = Boll weight (g), SCY = Seed cotton yield (g), Lint% = Ginning out turn%, SI = Seed index (g), LI = Lint index (g), SPB = Seeds per boll, SMPB = Seed mass per boll (g), LMPB = Lint mass per boll (g), SF = Short fiber, STR = Fiber strength (g/tex), MIC = MIC value MAT, Maturity index, RD = Reflectance

Table 3a. Results for components of variability, genetic advance mean and heritability estimates of various traits under normal and high-temperature stress conditions

SOV	Plant Height (cm)		Height to node ratio		Number of bolls		Boll weight (g)		Seed cotton yield (g)
	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT
Mean	77.1	76.1	2.6	2.7	15.1	15.9	2.8	2.8	37.5	34.9
Max	99	92.8	3.2	3.1	29.3	18.3	3.8	3.6	69.2	62.2
Mini	66	65	2.1	2.3	12.2	7	2.3	2	29.6	21.5
CV %	4.65	3.48	5.86	5.72	12.70	16.23	6.02	6.63	6.74	9.98
GCV	17.5	12	9.3	8.3	39.2	26.7	15.2	16.6	44.9	33.5
PCV	17.7	12.3	11.4	9.1	40.5	28.2	16	17.2	45.2	34.1
ECV	2.5	2.5	6.6	3.7	10.4	8.8	5.1	4.4	5.3	6.1
H^2b %	98	96	66.7	83.3	93.4	90.3	90	93.5	98.6	96.8
GAM	24.3	16.5	10.6	10.6	53	35.6	20.1	22.5	62.4	46.2

CV %: Coefficient of variance GCV%: Genotypic coefficient of variance; PCV%: Phenotypic coefficient of variance; ECV%: Environmental coefficient of variance; H²b: Heritability; GAM: Genetic advance per percent mean.

Table 4a. Correlation among various biochemical traits of cotton genotypes under normal condition

	CAT	Caro	Chla	Chlb	H2O2	POD	TSP
Caro	0.67**
Chl a	0.60**	0.83**
Chl b	0.80**	0.92**	0.69**
H2O2	0.67**	0.78**	0.91**	0.65**
POD	0.70**	0.78**	0.84**	0.67**	0.89**
TSP	0.73**	0.81**	0.93**	0.70**	0.96**	0.93**
SCY	0.85**	0.76**	0.67**	0.83**	0.74**	0.82**	0.79**

H₂O₂ = Hydrogen peroxide (μmol/g), CAT = Catalase (U mg⁻¹ protein), POD = Peroxidase (U mg⁻¹ protein), Chl a&b = Chlorophyll contents a & b (mg g⁻¹ FW), Caro = Carotenoids (mg g⁻¹ FW), TSP = Total Soluble proteins (mg g⁻¹ FW), SCY: Seed Cotton Yield (g)

Table 5a. Correlation among various morphological, within boll yield components and fiber quality traits of cotton genotypes under normal condition

	BW	HNR	LI	PH	SI	SMPB	SPB	TNB	LMPB	GOT%	MAT	MIC	RD	SF	STR	UHML	UI
HNR	0.58**
LI	−0.09	−0.02
PH	0.00	0.03	0.19
SI	0.38**	0.33*	0.05	−0.12
SMPB	0.06	0.03	−0.33*	−0.06	0.02
SPB	0.22	0.35*	−0.32*	0.07	0.01	0.58
TNB	0.29*	0.37	0.25	0.30*	0.19	−0.19**	−0.02
LMPB	0.20	0.23	0.14	−0.29*	0.50**	−0.26	−0.21	0.06
GOT%	0.32*	0.40**	0.07	−0.36**	0.48**	−0.19	−0.13	0.03	0.67**
MAT	0.20	0.22	−0.05	−0.03	0.31*	−0.28*	−0.19	0.15	0.44**	0.41**
MIC	0.43**	0.43**	0.06	−0.12	0.59**	0.00	0.11	0.13	0.62**	0.52**	0.46
RD	−0.24	−0.25	0.20	0.04*	−0.29*	0.05	−0.12	0.04	−0.08	−0.07	−0.09	−0.19
SF	−0.31*	−0.03	−0.06	0.09	−0.17	0.16	0.08	−0.35**	−0.34**	−0.17	0.03	−0.15	−0.06
STR	0.17	0.39**	0.02	0.02	0.31*	0.11	0.27	0.22	0.30*	0.33*	0.29**	0.63	0.07	0.00
UHML	0.45**	0.37**	−0.06	0.05	0.24	−0.13	0.05	0.34**	0.24	0.28*	0.34*	0.27	0.09	−0.45**	0.12
UI	−0.14	−0.17	−0.18	0.27	−0.32*	−0.01	−0.0	−0.32*	−0.23	−0.26	−0.24	−0.11	−0.09	0.47**	−0.10	−0.36**
SCY	0.67**	0.46**	−0.03	0.18	0.23	−0.10	−0.01	0.36**	0.15	0.16	0.37*	0.24	−0.30	−0.01	0.09	0.19	0.05

P.H. = Plant Height (cm), HNR = Height to node ratio, NB = number of bolls, BW = Boll weight (g), SCY = Seed cotton yield (g), Lint% = Ginning out turn%, SI = Seed index (g), LI = Lint index (g), SPB = Seeds per boll, SMPB = Seed mass per boll (g), LMPB = Lint mass per boll (g), SF = Short fiber, STR = Fiber strength (g/tex), MIC = MIC value MAT, Maturity index, RD = Reflectance

Table 3b. Results for components of variability, genetic advance mean and heritability estimates of various traits under normal and high-temperature stress conditions

SOV	Lint (%)		Seed Index (g)		Lint index (g)		Seeds per boll		Seed mass per boll (g)
	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT
Mean	42	46.2	6.5	6.9	4.6	5.7	21.5	21.5	1.6	1.7
Max	59.9	58.4	8	7.7	9.1	9.9	36.2	33.2	4.6	2.7
Mini	39.8	37.3	5.8	5.8	3.2	3.1	8.8	16.2	0.6	1.2
CV%	6.52	7.05	9.77	3.48	21.85	9.13	21.23	9.15	21.29	13.98
GCV	9	12.5	3.9	8.9	32.9	37.4	38.1	19.1	74.4	25.5
PCV	9.9	13.5	5.7	9.2	36.3	37.9	40.9	20.2	75.9	27.4
ECV	4.2	5.1	6.9	2.5	15.4	6.4	15	6.5	14.9	10.1
H^2b %	82.1	85.7	46.4	92.5	82	97.2	86.5	89.7	96.1	86.4
GAM	11.4	16.2	3.7	11.9	41.7	51.6	49.6	25.3	102.2	33.2

CV %: Coefficient of variance GCV%: Genotypic coefficient of variance; PCV%: Phenotypic coefficient of variance; ECV%: Environmental coefficient of variance; H²b: Heritability; GAM: Genetic advance per percent mean.

Table 3c. Results for components of variability, genetic advance mean and heritability estimates of various traits under normal and high-temperature stress conditions

SOV	Lint mass per boll (g)		Short fiber		Fiber strength (g/tex)		MIC value		Maturity index
	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT	N	HT
Mean	1.1	1.2	8.2	8	30.9	29.7	4.5	5	0.9	0.9
Max	1.9	1.9	91.5	9.5	38.8	37.1	6.9	5.9	0.92	0.89
Mini	0.6	0.6	80.1	7.2	25.8	24.1	4.0	3.7	0.80	0.80
CV%	17.41	13.75	6.91	2.87	4.64	5.83	17.53	6.12	1.90	1.59
GCV	17.8	25.9	16	9.2	13.6	10.6	9.2	14.7	3.4	2.4
PCV	21.3	27.3	16.8	9.4	14	11.4	15.5	15.3	3.7	2.6
ECV	11.7	8.6	4.9	2	3.3	4.1	12.4	4.3	1.4	1.2
H^2b %	70	90	91.5	95.5	94.5	86.8	35.7	92.2	85	80
GAM	20.9	34.3	21.5	12.6	18.5	13.8	7.7	19.8	4.4	2.9

CV %: Coefficient of variance GCV%: Genotypic coefficient of variance; PCV%: Phenotypic coefficient of variance; ECV%: Environmental coefficient of variance; H²b: Heritability; GAM: Genetic advance per percent mean.