Enhancing initial growth of transplanted rice under phosphorus deficiency: combined effects of tillering quantitative trait locus and P-dipping technique

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effects of three different P-application treatments on the number of tillers (a, b), shoot biomass (c, d), and P-content in shoots (e, f) in 2021 and 2022 among”Takanari,” NIL-MP3, and NIL-fc1. *, **, and *** indicate significant effects and interactions between P-application method (P) and genotype (G) at the 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively. Different letters represent significant differences among genotypes across P-application treatments at the 5% level based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Table 1. Two-way ANOVA for root-related traits at 25 and 39 days after transplantation in 2021 and 2022, respectively, in”Takanari,” NIL-MP3, and NIL-fc1 grown in the pots with the three P-application treatments.

Year	P-application (P)	Genotype (G)	Root biomass (g pot^−1)		Root length (cm pot^−1)		Root surface area (cm^2 pot^−1)
2021	Control		0.11c		2942c		134c
	P-incorporation		0.29b		7545b		382b
	P-dipping		0.63a		8900a		612a
		Takanari	0.36a		6440a		379a
		NIL-e	0.35a		6254a		378a
		NIL-fc1	0.31a		6692a		371a
ANOVA
P			***		***		***
G			n.s.		n.s.		n.s.
P × G			n.s.		n.s.		n.s.
2022	Control		0.05c		1696c		71c
	P-incorporation		1.05b		21268b		1302b
	P-dipping		2.26a		30259a		2110a
		Takanari	1.11a		16882a		1138a
		NIL-MP3	1.32a		19706a		1298a
		NIL-fc1	1.02a		17836a		1129a
ANOVA
P			***		***		***
G			n.s.		n.s.		n.s.
P × G			n.s.		n.s.		n.s.

***indicates significance at the 0.1% level; n.s. indicates no significance.

Different letters within each P-application treatment indicate significant differences among the genotypes at the 5% level based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.

Figure 2. Effects of three different P-application treatments on shoot biomass per tiller (a) and P-content per tiller (b) in 2022 among”Takanari,” NIL-MP3, and NIL-fc1. *** indicates significant effects and interactions between P-application method (P) and genotype (G) at the 0.1% level. Different letters represent significant differences among genotypes across P-application treatments at the 5% level based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Error bars represent standard deviation.