Experimental study on collapse modes of reinforced concrete wallboards under earthquake action

Figures & data

Figure 1. Buildings collapsed in Mexico earthquake (1985).

Figure 2. Buildings collapsed in Wenchuan earthquake (2008).

Figure 3. Buildings collapsed in Japan earthquake.

Figure 4. Prediction for typical collapse modes of RC shear walls.

Figure 5. Collapse modes of RC shear walls. (a) Collapse mode 1, (b) collapse mode 2, (c) collapse mode 3, (d) collapse mode 4, and (e) collapse mode 5.

Table 1. The sectional size and the reinforcement of the beams and columns in the model structure.

Position	Cross-section size (mm)	Main reinforcement	Stirrup
Frame column	100 × 100	–	2-Ф4@75
Frame beam	200 × 200	5-Ф18	4-Ф8@200
Foundation beam	200 × 400	8-Ф15	4-Ф8@200

Table 2. The reinforcement of the model structure.

Model	Vertical Reinforcement of web	Horizontal Reinforcement of web	Vertical reinforcement of column	Vertical reinforcement ratio of web	Horizontal reinforcement ratio of web	Vertical reinforcement ratio of column
DW1a	Ф4@150 (two layers)	Ф4@70 (two layers)	4-Ф6	0.42%	0.9%	1.13%
DW1b	Ф4@150 (two layers)	Ф4@70 (two layers)	5-Ф6	0.42%	0.9%	1.41%
DW2	Ф4@300 (one layer)	Ф4@185 (one layer)	1-Ф4	0.105%	0.17%	0.126%
DW3	Ф4@150 (two layers)	Ф4@70 (two layers)	4-Ф6	0.42%	0.9%	1.13%
DW4a	Ф4@150 (two layers)	Ф4@70 (two layers)	4-Ф6	0.42%	0.9%	1.13%
DW4b	Ф4@150 (two layers)	Ф4@140 (two layers)	4-Ф6	0.42%	0.45%	1.13%

Table 3. Model parameters and the prediction mode.

Model	Height (mm)	Web Cross-Section (mm)	λ	n0	c0	Prediction mode	Test mode
DW1a	840	350 × 40	2.4	0.2	0.2	Mode 2	Mode 2
DW1b	840	350 × 40	2.4	0.2	0.2	Mode 2	Mode 2
DW2	840	490 × 40	1.71	0.01	0.01	Mode 1	Mode 1
DW3	840	840 × 40	1.0	0.15	0.25	Mode 3	Transverse Slip
DW4a	840	1260 × 40	0.67	0.02	0.25	Mode 4	Transverse Slip
DW4b	840	1260 × 40	0.67	0.02	0.20	Mode 4	Transverse Slip

λ: height–width ratio; n₀: axial compression ratio of wallboard; c₀: axial compression ratio of the column.

Figure 6. The DW1a and DW1b model structures.

Figure 7. The W2 model structure.

Figure 8. The DW3 model structure.

Figure 9. The DW4a and DW4b model structures.

Figure 10. Assembling bar of beam and wall.

Figure 11. Pouring concrete of beam and wall.

Figure 12. Installing wall model.

Figure 13. Stress-strain curve of C10 concrete.

Figure 14. Stress–strain curve of HPB235 steel.

Figure 15. Arrangement of strain gauges.

Figure 16. Schematic diagram of loading device.

Figure 17. Picture of test equipment.

Figure 18. The cyclic loading programme.

Figure 19. The failure process in the DW1a model.

Figure 20. The hysteretic curve of DW1a.

Figure 21. The schematic diagram of the cracks in DW1a.

Figure 22. The failure process of model DW1b.

Figure 23. Hysteretic curve of DW1b.

Figure 24. Schematic diagram of cracks in DW1b.

Figure 25. The failure process in the DW2 model.

Figure 26. The hysteretic curve of DW2.

Figure 27. The schematic diagram of cracks in DW2.

Figure 28. The Failure process in the DW3 model.

Figure 29. The hysteretic curve of DW3.

Figure 30. The schematic diagram of cracks in DW3.

Figure 31. The failure process of model DW4a.

Figure 32. Hysteretic curve of DW4a.

Figure 33. Schematic diagram of cracks in DW4a.

Figure 34. The failure process of model DW4b.

Figure 35. Hysteretic curve of DW4b.

Figure 36. Schematic diagram of cracks in DW4b.

Table 4. Peak load and displacement.

Model	Peak thrust load (kN)	Peak tensile load (kN)	Displacement at Pepak thrust state (mm)	Displacement at peak tensile state (mm)	Maximum displacement (mm)
DW1a	127.2	−122.7	13.94	−11.28	91.0
DW1b	123.2	−114.9	10.86	−12.36	NA
DW2	62.83	−63.47	4.68	−10.77	109.5
DW3	352.6	−235.9	49.85	−12.54	NA
DW4a	241.8	−236.6	16.8	−15.65	NA
DW4b	326.5	−238.0	102.6	−18.5	108.5

NA: not available.

The site mixing concrete of strength grade C10 was adopted as the concrete material for the model structures. The pouring method of the model structure is shown in Figures 10–12 (GB50666-2011 2011).

GB50666-2011. 2011. People’s Republic of China National Standard. 2011. Code for Construction of Concrete Structures. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.

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