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Building structures and materials

Geometric characteristics, deployment mechanisms, and digital fabrication methods of a free-form deployable membrane system based on CNC-knitted fabrics and CNC-bent frames

, &
Pages 1355-1370 | Received 26 Jun 2023, Accepted 27 Sep 2023, Published online: 04 Dec 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Main components (a), a unit(b), a combination of units(c) in the deployable membrane system.

Figure 1. Main components (a), a unit(b), a combination of units(c) in the deployable membrane system.

Figure 2. Joint between fabric and frame(a), frames with an I-shaped section(b), frames with a triangular section(c), frames with a rectangular section(d).

Figure 2. Joint between fabric and frame(a), frames with an I-shaped section(b), frames with a triangular section(c), frames with a rectangular section(d).

Figure 3. The generation process.

Figure 3. The generation process.

Figure 4. Rationalization of fabric surfaces and frame axes.

Figure 4. Rationalization of fabric surfaces and frame axes.

Figure 5. Geometry categories at the unit level.

Figure 5. Geometry categories at the unit level.

Figure 6. Geometry categories at the combination level.

Figure 6. Geometry categories at the combination level.

Figure 7. The folding diagram.

Figure 7. The folding diagram.

Figure 8. Geometry control through custom fabric contour.

Figure 8. Geometry control through custom fabric contour.

Figure 9. Diagram of the three-roll bending machine.

Figure 9. Diagram of the three-roll bending machine.

Figure 10. The knitted object(a), the pixel-based knitting pattern(b), enlarged detail of the knitting pattern(c).

Figure 10. The knitted object(a), the pixel-based knitting pattern(b), enlarged detail of the knitting pattern(c).

Figure 11. Diagram of the knitting pattern generation method.

Figure 11. Diagram of the knitting pattern generation method.

Figure 12. A typical knitting pattern(a), a typical knitting diagram(b), a typical knit structure(c) of short row knitting.

Figure 12. A typical knitting pattern(a), a typical knitting diagram(b), a typical knit structure(c) of short row knitting.

Figure 13. The prototype.

Figure 13. The prototype.

Figure 14. Parameters of the frame.

Figure 14. Parameters of the frame.

Figure 15. The FEA models during deployment(a)(b) and after deployment(c)(d).

Figure 15. The FEA models during deployment(a)(b) and after deployment(c)(d).

Figure 16. The effect of rise-span ratio(a)(b) and slenderness on max displacement(c)(d).

Figure 16. The effect of rise-span ratio(a)(b) and slenderness on max displacement(c)(d).

Figure 17. Parameters in the critical state of the overturning process.

Figure 17. Parameters in the critical state of the overturning process.

Figure 18. The folding process(a)-(f) and geometric comparison(g) of the prototype.

Figure 18. The folding process(a)-(f) and geometric comparison(g) of the prototype.

Figure 19. The knitting pattern(a)(b) and a piece of CNC-knitted fabric(c).

Figure 19. The knitting pattern(a)(b) and a piece of CNC-knitted fabric(c).