Asymmetric ratification standards and popular perceptions of legitimacy

Figures & data

Figure 1. Mediation model.

Table 1. OLS regressions of fairness perception (FP) and satisfaction with EU democracy (SWEUD).

	FP	SWEUD
	1. (1)	2. (2)
Treatment	−0.150**	0.109**
	(0.062)	(0.046)
FP		0.364***
		(0.023)
Constant	3.226***	1.402***
	(0.044)	(0.082)
Observations	1,019	1,019
R^2	0.006	0.193
Adjusted R^2	0.005	0.192

Note:*p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01.

Figure 2 . Direct and indirect effects of asymmetric ratification treatment on SWEUD.

Table 2. Ratification stages for the EU constitution on 29th of May 2005.

	Already ratified	Ratification pending
No referendum – Indirect	AT, DE, GR, HU, IT, LT, SI, SK	BE, BG, CY, EE, FI, LV, MT, RO, SE
Referendum – Direct	ES	LU, NL, CZ, DK, IE, PL, PT, UK

Figure 3. Local randomization RD estimates of SWEUD across ratification status (−1/+1 window).

Note: 95% confidence intervals displayed.