Towards an integrated approach to EU foreign policy? Horizontal spillover across the humanitarian–development and the security–migration interfaces

Figures & data

Table 1. Dimensions and degrees of policy integration and their indicators.

Policy integration	Degree of policy integration and indicators
Communicative instruments	Low: – Persistence of distinct narratives and strategic visions – Only general/vague objectives, strategic priorities and problem definitions that span institutional boundaries – Emphasis on policy domain-specific rather than integrated policy responses/ implementation strategies High: – Increasingly integrated narrative and strategic vision – Ever more precise shared objectives, strategic objectives and problem definitions that span institutional boundaries – Greater emphasis on integrated policy responses/ implementation strategies
Organisational instruments	Low: – Mainly weakly institutionalised, informal networks and ad hoc mechanisms for horizontal coordination (e.g., for exchanges of information on initiatives, activities) – No, or only few, weak and ineffectual formal cross-cutting organisational mechanisms for coordinated policymaking High: – The existence of a ‘central authority’ entrusted with joint analysis, supervision, coordination and implementation of tasks related to the horizontal integration process between EU institutions/ member states – Broad range of formal cross-cutting organisational mechanisms – including interdepartmental working groups, tasks forces, liaison officers
Procedural instruments	Low: – Few or no efforts for the streamlining of administrative standards and procedures for joint policy assessment and joint policymaking High: – Streamlining of a broad range of administrative standards and procedures for joint policy assessment and joint policymaking