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ABSTRACT
Does international trade enable a country to achieve sustainable development? This study presents two empirical analyses. First, the relationship between international trade and some selected indicators of Sustainable Development Goals is investigated by using data from over 100 countries during the period 1990–2014. The empirical findings reveal a significant relationship in which international trade plays a key role in helping to attain some of the Sustainable Development Goals. The second analysis evaluates the impact of trade liberalization policies under the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program by linking the results from the Computable General Equilibrium model with the data from Thailand’s household socioeconomic survey. The findings show that trade liberalization policy can help Thailand move towards at least three Sustainable Development Goals.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1. For details, see Winters (Citation2002), Porto (Citation2006), Goldberg and Pavcnik (Citation2007), and WTO (Citation2012).
2. For the explanation of trade and all the other SDG linkages, see ADBI (Citation2017).
7. For estimation results from the model, please contact the authors directly.
8. There are no data available for Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Data of key variables are presented for the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as a whole.
9. The key assumptions of the standard GTAP model include perfect competition, constant return to scale of production function, perfect mobility of labor between sectors, and full employment – furthermore, that the estimated impact is under a long-term static condition.
10. More details on the classification of sectors of manufacturing and services in the GTAP database are available upon request from the authors.
11. More details on the classification of goods and services in the GTAP database are available upon request from the authors.
12. Agricultural sectors are from Paddy Rice to Fishing. And manufacturing sectors are from Coal, Minerals Nec to Manufacturers Nec.
13. This study adjusts the Power of tariff (tms) variable in the GTAP model.
14. This study adjusts the Import augmenting technical change (ams) variable in GTAP model.
15. This study adjusts the value added augmenting technical change (avaall) variable in GTAP model.
16. This study adjusts the capital stock (q0) variable, by setting the output tax (to) of the capital variable as a dependent variable in the GTAP model.
17. The scope of this study does not cover Goal 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) as the available household social and economic survey data do not contain health data.
18. The results from the GTAP model are an estimation of the total impact that may occur in each scenario (compared to a case where the policy changes under each scenario do not take place). And it may take time to adjust, as long as 6–8 years.
19. The impact of trade liberalization on the poor, separated into males, females, and children, is similar to the impact on the poor collectively as mentioned above.