Characteristics and motivations of environmental volunteers at episodic events

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics and satisfaction level.

		Age							Gender		Education level				Income level			Occupation					Satisfaction level
	# of Respon­dents	< 18	18–24	25–34	35–44	45–54	55–64	65+	Female	Male	Primary/ middle	Secondary/ some higher education	Under­graduate	Graduate/ doctoral degree	Low	Middle	High	Full time	Part time	Student	Others	Not in the work­force	Aver­age	Standard deviation
Bahrain	25	0	48%	36%	0	16%	0	0	24%	76%	47.60%	4.80%	47.60%	0	20%	80%	0	36%	0	28%	0	36%	4.22	0.8	Bahrain
China	40	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	63.20%	36.80%	0	12.80%	0	15.40%	7.70%	64.10%	4.33	0.62	China
Colombia	25	0	20%	24%	0	28%	20%	8%	60%	40%	36%	4%	60%	0	100%	0	0	12%	88%	0	0	0	4.12	0.44	Colombia
India	106	0	69.80%	18.90%	5.70%	2.80%	1.90%	0.90%	39.60%	60.40%	1.90%	3.80%	48.60%	45.70%	46.60%	52.30%	1.10%	21%	5.70%	71.40%	1%	1%	4.24	0.58	India
Kuwait	51	9.30%	2.30%	32.60%	32.60%	7%	16.30%	0	23.30%	76.70%	17.50%	22.50%	52.50%	7.50%	11.60%	74.40%	14%	44.20%	2.30%	9.30%	0	44.20%	4.58	0.57	Kuwait
Mexico	440	1.60%	23.20%	36.80%	20.50%	13%	4.50%	0.50%	55%	45%	16.50%	21.70%	52%	9.70%	5.90%	92.70%	1.40%	57.30%	7.40%	11.30%	13.20%	10.70%	4.23	0.7	Mexico
Russia	416	7.70%	14.70%	0	51.20%	19.20%	6.50%	0.70%	71.90%	28.10%	9.90%	10.60%	6%	73.50%	90.40%	9.60%	0	0	0	16.70%	77%	6.30%	4.37	0.67	Russia
Saudi Arabia	123	7.30%	39.80%	39%	4.90%	3.30%	5.70%	0	52.10%	47.90%	22.80%	8.90%	68.30%	0	35%	57.70%	7.30%	29.20%	10%	34.20%	0	26.70%	4.65	0.5	Saudi Arabia
South Africa	119	1.80%	14%	37.70%	21.90%	14%	7%	3.50%	65.20%	34.80%	17%	17%	22.30%	43.80%	30.10%	55.30%	14.60%	75.40%	7%	6.10%	3.50%	7.90%	4.57	0.59	South Africa
Others	38	13.20%	5.30%	10.50%	1.20%	23.70%	23.70%	10.50%	39.50%	60.50%	21.10%	13.20%	39.50%	26.30%	41.70%	33.30%	25%	63.20%	5.30%	18.40%	0	13.20%	4.36	0.76	Others
Total	1383	4.40%	24.20%	23%	27%	13.80%	6.40%	1.20%	57.70%	42.30%	14.90%	14.30%	35.80%	35%	44.20%	52.40%	3.40%	32%	6.10%	20%	29.10%	12.80%	4.37		Total

Table 2. Cohen’s d of differences among volunteers.

Organization	Same Organization	Another Organization
Alone—Organized group	0.43	−0.22
Alone—Friends and relatives	0.37	−0.09
Organized—Friends and relatives	−0.07	0.13

Table 4. Descriptive statistics for the likelihood of volunteering again.

Organization	Group	n	Mean	Standard deviation
Same organization	Alone	436	3.93a	1.35
	Organized group	585	3.27b	1.67
	Group - Friends and relatives	280	3.39b	1.61
	Total	1301	3.52	1.58
Another organization	Alone	435	3.77b	1.26
	Organized group	582	4.01a	0.99
	Group - Friends and relatives	279	3.87ab	1.12
	Total	1296	3.90	1.12

Note. Means with different subscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Table 3. Regularity of volunteering among volunteers.

Group		Regular volunteering	Non-regular volunteering	Total
Alone	Count	218	225	443
Organized group	Count	411	179	590
Group—Friends and relatives	Count	164	125	289
Total	Count	793	529	1322

Table 5. Descriptive statistics of the motivations of volunteers.

Motivations	Group	n	Mean	Standard deviation
Altruistic motivations	Alone	445	0.83a	0.72
	Organized group	594	0.82a	0.73
	Group - Friends and relatives	289	0.84a	0.73
	Total	1328	0.83	0.73
Utilitarian motivations	Alone	445	0.89b	0.97
	Organized group	594	1.04a	0.98
	Group - Friends and relatives	289	0.88ab	0.91
	Total	1328	0.96	0.97
Social motivations	Alone	445	0.68a	0.82
	Organized group	594	0.76a	0.84
	Group - Friends and relatives	289	0.65a	0.80
	Total	1328	0.71	0.83

Note. Means with different subscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Table 6. Type of volunteering by country.

Organization	Bahrain	China	India	Kuwait	Mexico	Russia	Saudi Arabia	South Africa	Others	Total
Alone	40.9%	45%	23.8%	52.9%	55.9%	10%	35%	18.6%	42.1%	33.5%
Organized group	50%	47.5%	76.2%	33.3%	19.1%	63.9%	39.8%	60.2%	34.2%	44.7%
Group - Friends and relatives	9.1%	7.5%	0	13.7%	25%	26.1%	25.2%	21.2%	23.7%	21.8%

Table 7. Reasons for volunteering.

Variables		Yes (%)	No (%)
To show employer involvement with community	Alone	13	87
	Organized group	27.8	72.2
	Group - Friends and relatives	16	84
School requirement	Alone	6.4	93.6
	Organized group	9.2	91.8
	Group - Friends and relatives	6.3	93.7