A dynamic counting approach to measure multidimensional deprivations in jobs

Figures & data

Figure 1. Transitions that change the censored headcount ratio.

Notes: A worker can have: i) a precarious job and be deprived in j (PD); ii) a secure job but be deprived in j (SD); iii) a precarious job but not be deprived in j (PN); or iv) a secure job and not be deprived in j (SN). Blue arrows are transitions between $\mathit{P}{D}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{P}{N}_t$ and $\mathit{andP}{N}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{P}{D}_t.$ Red arrows are transitions between $\mathit{S}{N}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{P}{D}_t$ and $\mathit{S}{D}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{P}{D}_t.$Green arrows are transitions between $\mathit{P}{D}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{S}{N}_t$ and $\mathit{P}{D}_{\mathit{t}-\mathit{s}}\to \mathit{S}{D}_t$

Table 1. Precarious employment insecurity dimensions, indicators and cut-offs.

Insecurity dimensions	Indicators	Employment is precarious if …
Labour income insecurity	Labour income	labor income is less than 6 basic food baskets (monthly calculation)
Job insecurity	Occupational status	worker does not have a contract or has a non-renewable fixed-term or is self-employed with less than two years in current occupation
No control of working-time	Involuntary part-time employment or excessive working hours	working hours less than 30 or more than 48 hours
Social protection insecurity	Social Security	worker is not contributing to the pension system and unemployment insurance

Notes: All occupied individuals between the age of 18–65 years. All variables are dichotomous.

Figure 2. Evolution of the multidimensional PE Index (M_pe), 2004/05 – 2019/20.

Note: Multidimensional PE index defined by four dimensions, uniform weights and K = 2.

Source: Authors’ calculations based on the Social Protection Survey.

Table 2. Multidimensional PE index by workers dynamics subgroups.

Dynamic workers groups	MPE
	Women	Men
Workers who remain employed in t and t-s*	0.259 (0.007)	0.165 (0.005)
Workers in t who exit …
unemployment in t-s	0.345 (0.015)	0.251 (0.012)
non-labour force in t-s	0.414 (0.018)	0.28 (0.014)
Workers in t-s who enter …
unemployment in t	0.327 (0.014)	0.239 (0.011)
non-labour force in t	0.453 (0.019)	0.391 (0.015)

Source: Authors calculations using pooled data of EPS.

Notes: Standard error in parentheses. * MPE is calculated for all workers in t.

Figure 3. Contribution of each dimension to MPE in three workers dynamics subgroups by gender.

Source: Authors’ calculations using the six waves of EPS, 2004/05–2019/20.

Figure 4. M_pe index dynamics by gender during different economic periods.

Source: Authors’ calculations based on the Social Protection Survey.

Note: Both subsamples are individuals who had a job in the two waves.

Figure 5. H_j dynamic of each PE dimension by gender during different economic periods.

Source: Authors’ calculations based on the Social Protection Survey.

Note: Both subsamples are individuals who had a job in the two waves.