ABSTRACT
Cryptoassets are extremely volatile with possible volatility jumps and infrastructure noise, making the estimation of true volatility process challenging. When the high-frequency data are not available, the true volatility needs to be estimated to be further studied or forecasted. The GARCH-family models have become a norm in the field. Here, we examine the performance of 6 GARCH-type specifications with 4 distributional assumptions and compare them with 4 non-parametric range-based models built on the daily ‘candles’. Our study focuses on five popular cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB, XRP, and Dogecoin) between 1 July 2019 and 30 September 2022, utilizing Binance 5-minute data for realized measures as the high-frequency estimators of the true volatility process. The results reveal that the Garman-Klass estimator clearly outperforms the GARCH-family models in all studied settings, and the other range-based estimators remain competitive with the GARCH-family models. These results are crucial for studies on volatility in cryptoassets where using the GARCH-type models is a standard. When the high-frequency data are not available, the range-based estimators, and the Garman-Klass estimator in particular, should be preferred as proxies for the true volatility process over the GARCH-type models, be it in the in-sample, more qualitative studies, or the forecasting, out-of-sample exercises.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 We use the terms cryptoassets and cryptocurrencies interchangeably throughout the text.
2 Currently freely available at https://data.binance.vision/?prefix=data/spot/daily/klines/.
3 The results for the bipower variation and the realized kernel are available in . in the Appendix. The implications are qualitatively parallel to the realized volatility case.