Impact of single anaerobic exercise on delayed activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase in men and women

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of study participants (mean ± SE).

Variables	Men (n = 10)	Women (n = 10)	P value
Age (years)	21.64 ± 0.39	22.02 ± 0.47	0.54
Body height (cm)	180.05 ± 1.65	166.63 ± 1.14	<0.01
BM (kg)	77.13 ± 2.71	59.75 ± 2.05	<0.01
LBM (kg)	62.95 ± 2.31	45.15 ± 1.30	<0.01
Fat mass (kg)	14.18 ± 0.86	14.54 ± 0.78	0.76
Fat (%)	18.36 ± 0.95	24.20 ± 0.51	<0.01
BMI (kg m^−2)	23.71 ± 0.50	21.50 ± 0.58	0.01
VO2max (L min^−1)	4.27 ± 0.14	2.71 ± 0.11	<0.01
VO2max·BM^−1 (mL kg^−1 min^−1)	55.61 ± 1.78	44.75 ± 1.14	<0.01
VO2max·LBM^−1 (mL kg^−1 min^−1)	68.20 ± 2.33	53.62 ± 6.17	0.04
HRmax (b min^−1)	201.0 ± 3.5	196.3 ± 3.4	0.35

P < 0.05 – significant differences men vs. women.

BMI – body mass index, VO_2max – maximal oxygen uptake, VO_2max·BM⁻¹ – maximal oxygen uptake relative to body mass, VO_2max·LBM⁻¹ – maximal oxygen uptake relative to LBM, HR_max – maximal heart rate.

Table 2. Results of study participants’ medical qualifications (mean ± SE).

Variables	Men (n = 10)	Women (n = 10)	P value
Erythrocytes (10^6 µL^−1)	5.14 ± 0.08	4.42 ± 0.12	<0.01
Leukocytes (10^3 µL^−1)	5.47 ± 0.32	6.14 ± 0.70	0.40
Platelets (10^3 µL^−1)	254.40 ± 14.59	250.80 ± 20.43	0.89
Hemoglobin (g dL^−1)	15.60 ± 0.23	13.01 ± 0.37	<0.01
Hematocrit (%)	45.24 ± 0.44	38.64 ± 1.00	<0.01
ESR (mm h^−1)	2.8 ± 0.42	3.9 ± 0.39	0.07
Glucose (mM)	4.12 ± 0.12	4.44 ± 0.16	0.14
Total cholesterol (mM)	4.75 ± 0.23	4.33 ± 0.12	0.13
HDL (mM)	1.56 ± 0.10	1.57 ± 0.05	0.91
LDL (mM)	2.76 ± 0.14	2.45 ± 0.12	0.11
TG (mM)	0.93 ± 0.14	0.67 ± 0.05	0.01
HbA1c (%)	5.0 ± 0.14	4.9 ± 0.09	0.55

P < 0.05 – significant differences men vs. women.

ESR – erythrocyte sedimentation rate HDL – high density lipoproteins, LDL – low density lipoproteins, TG – triglycerides, HbA_1c – glycated hemoglobin.

Table 3. Lactate concentration changes and acid–base balance indicators in the blood after anaerobic exercise (mean ± SE).

			After exercise
Variable	Sex	Baseline	3 minutes	15 minutes	30 minutes	60 minutes	24 hours
Lac	M	1.06 ± 0.12	10.27 ± 0.55*	9.85 ± 0.14*	6.76 ± 0.29*	3.22 ± 0.28*	1.47 ± 0.30
mM	W	1.00 ± 0.14	8.99 ± 0.87*	8.05 ± 0.82*	5.46 ± 0.67*	2.25 ± 0.41	1.07 ± 0.08
H^+	M	38.32 ± 0.57	62.00 ± 3.33*	56.70 ± 2.57*	43.28 ± 0.82*	41.39 ± 0.37	38.16 ± 0.76
nM	W	37.57 ± 0.59	50.70 ± 1.18*	42.20 ± 0.97*^#	38.90 ± 1.01*	37.50 ± 0.64	36.60 ± 0.47
HCO3^−	M	26.67 ± 0.46	13.36 ± 0.77*	14.87.0.47*	21.40 ± 1.33*	24.91 ± 0.40	26.41 ± 0.75
mM	W	26.13 ± 0.44	14.89 ± 0.50*	16.48 ± 0.53*	20.64 ± 0.46*	24.54 ± 0.54	25.32 ± 0.55
BE	M	2.13 ± 0.52	−14.48 ± 0.84*	−12.36 ± 0.67*	−4.97 ± 0.66*	−0.14 ± 0.44	4.31 ± 2.55
mM	W	3.45 ± 1.78	−12.22 ± 0.64*	−9.61 ± 0.59*	−4.52 ± 0.53*	−0.23 ± 0.56	0.51 ± 0.47
AG	M	16.96 ± 0.56	38.98 ± 2.53*	37.07 ± 3.09*	27.45 ± 2.73*	17.64 ± 1.24	17.13 ± 1.35
mM	W	17.00 ± 1.00	31.87 ± 1.09*	28.07 ± 1.22*	21.50 ± 1.70	17.56 ± 0.57	16.59 ± 0.59

Significant differences (P < 0.05) *after exercise vs. baseline, ^#men (M) vs. women (W).

Lac – lactate, H⁺ – hydrogen ions, HCO₃⁻ – bicarbonate ions, BE – excess/deficiency of base buffers, AG – anion gap.

Table 4. Changes of LDH, CK and XO activity, after anaerobic exercise (mean ± SE).

			After exercise
Variable	Sex	Baseline	3 min	15 min	30 min	60 min	24 h
LDH	M	253.43 ± 22.36	268.50 ± 17.77	196.49 ± 27.27	216.84 ± 36.52	214.66 ± 20.30	230.45 ± 14.27
U L^−1	W	238,17 ± 19.84	258.60 ± 25.72	217.20 ± 18.63	196.32 ± 26.92	248.81 ± 50.27	278.30 ± 33.40
CK	M	130.72 ± 48.76	128.09 ± 44.45	116.56 ± 46.03	120.03 ± 47.97	120.19 ± 49.26	107.73 ± 40.60
U L^−1	W	35.16 ± 5.70	37.25 ± 6.09	26.13 ± 4.02	22.96 ± 3.31	25.77 ± 3.49	36.83 ± 11.33
XO	M	8.40 ± 0.90	7.11 ± 0.77	8.21 ± 1.39	9.77 ± 1.14	9.39 ± 1.42	25.82 ± 4.53*
mU L^−1	W	12.11 ± 1.47	11.45 ± 1.56	11.52 ± 1.63	12.19 ± 1.86	10.41 ± 1.68	39.02 ± 5.66*
XO	M	1.00	0.86 ± 0.07	1.00 ± 0.17	1.20 ± 0.13	1.13 ± 0.14	3.29 ± 0.58*
relative to baseline	W	1.00	0.96 ± 0.11	0.96 ± 0.13	1.04 ± 0.14	0.90 ± 0.14	3.54 ± 0.60*^#

Significant differences (P < 0.05) *after exercise vs. baseline, ^#men (M) vs. women (W).

Figure 1. Individual results of XO activity in the blood plasma of men (a) and women (b) after anaerobic exercise.

Table 5. Correlations between the increase in XO activity 24 hours after anaerobic exercise compared to the baseline and values characterizing anaerobic performance.

Change in XO activity (mU L^−1)	PP (W)	PP·BM^−1 (W kg^−1)	PP·LBM^−1 (W kg^−1)
	r = −0.54	r = −0.57	r = −0.54
	P = 0.01	P = 0.01	P = 0.02
	MP (W)	MP·BM^−1 (W kg^−1)	MP·LBM^−1 (W kg^−1)
	r = −0.55	r = −0.56	r = −0.51
	P = 0.01	P = 0.01	P = 0.02
	TW (kJ)	TW·BM^−1 (J kg^−1)	TW·LBM^−1(J kg^−1)
	r = −0.55	r = −0.56	r = −0.51
	P = 0.01	P = 0.01	P = 0.02
		PP decrease (W kg^−1 s^−1)
		r = −0.50
		P = 0.02

Significant correlation – P < 0.05, r – correlation coefficient.

PP – peak power, MP – mean power, TW – total work, BM – body mass, LBM – lean body mass.