Attenuation of arsenic trioxide induced cardiotoxicity through flaxseed oil in experimental rats

Figures & data

Figure 1. GC–MS profiling of flax seed oil: fatty acid distribution peaks, n = 3.

Table 1. Fatty acid composition of FSO.

Peak	Retention Time	Area	Height	Concentration (%)
1 Palmitic acid	15.894	123 347	8624	8.928
2 Stearic acid	18.633	76 563	4977	5.542
3 Oleic acid	20.122	331 158	20 994	23.970
4 Linoleic acid	22.547	201 951	13 039	14.618
5 ALA	26.046	648 543	40 773	46.943
Total		1 381 562	88 407	100.000

Values for fatty acid distribution peaks, n = 3.

Figure 2. Effect of FSO on arsenic deposition in heart: data represented as mean ± SD, n = 6. ^aP < 0.05 vs. normal control, ^bP < 0.05 vs. As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt).

Figure 3. Effect of FSO and As₂O₃ on serum cholesterol and triglyceride: data represented as mean ± SD, n = 6.

Table 2. Cardiac marker enzymes.

Parameters	Normal control	FSO control	As2O3 4 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 250 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 500 mg/kg
CK-MB	25.83 ± 2.32	25.33 ± 2.16	55.83 ± 3.19^a	51.67 ± 2.58	43.33 ± 2.8^b
LDH	585.17 ± 10.93	582.17 ± 10.83	919.33 ± 12.72^a	846.33 ± 11.02^b	803.5 ± 12.08^b

CK-MB (U/l), LDH (IU/l); Data represented as mean ± SD, n = 6.

^aP < 0.05 vs. normal control.

^bP < 0.05 vs. As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt).

Table 3. Antioxidant status of heart.

Parameters	Normal control	FSO control	As2O3 4 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 250 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 500 mg/kg
TBARS	0.73 ± 0.03	0.70 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03^a	0.87 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.03^b
SOD	7.35 ± 0.43	7.37 ± 0.38	5.33 ± 0.31^a	5.98 ± 0.2^b	6.23 ± 0.31^b
GPx	3.94 ± 0.23	4.1 ± 0.22	2.11 ± 0.29^a	2.30 ± 0.25	2.99 ± 0.12^b
CAT	20.41 ± 1.33	20.74 ± 1.16	11.35 ± 0.98^a	14.84 ± 0.9^b	16.03 ± 1.39^b
GSH	6.64 ± 0.45	6.94 ± 0.46	3.75 ± 0.31^a	4.05 ± 0.29	5.78 ± 0.22^b
GST	3.98 ± 0.27	4.01 ± 0.28	1.57 ± 0.13^a	1.87 ± 0.16	2.71 ± 0.21^b

TBARS (µM/mg protein), SOD (U/mg protein), GPx (μg of GSH consumed/min/mg protein), CAT (µ moles of H₂O₂ consumed/min/mg protein), GSH (µM/g tissue), GST (µM of CDNB-GSH conjugate formed/min/mg protein); data represented as mean ±SD, n = 6.

^aP < 0.05 vs. normal control.

^bP < 0.05 vs. As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt).

Figure 4. Histopathology of heart tissue: histopathological changes occurred in rat heart tissues after As₂O₃ administration and its amelioration with FSO treatment (Hematoxylin and Eosin, 100×). (a) – normal control; (b) – FSO (500 mg/kg b.wt); (c) – As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt); (d) – As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt) + FSO (250 mg/kg b.wt), (e) – As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt) + FSO (500 mg/kg b.wt). fs – fibre separations, io – interstitial oedema, cc – capillary congestion, mh – micro-haemorrhages, ms – mild swelling.

Table 4. Histopathological scoring.

Histopathological changes	Normal control	FSO control	As2O3 4 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 250 mg/kg	As2O3 4 mg/kg + FSO 500 mg/kg
Fibre swelling	0	0	3.75 ± 0.3^a	3.62 ± 0.24	1.92 ± 0.19^b
Interstitial oedema	0	0	3.7 ± 0.33^a	3.57 ± 0.35	1.1 ± 0.13^b
Capillary congestion	0	0	3.6 ± 0.32^a	3.43 ± 0.33	1.88 ± 0.2^b
Micro-haemorrhages	0	0	3.58 ± 0.38^a	3.28 ± 0.29	1.12 ± 0.13^b

Data represented as mean ± SD, n = 6.

^aP < 0.05 vs. normal control.

^bP < 0.05 vs. As₂O₃ (4 mg/kg b.wt).