Figures & data
Table 1. Exudate volume and total leukocyte count in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats pretreated with hesperidin.
Figure 2. Effect of hesperidin on myeloperoxidase activity in rat plasma of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6),*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 2. Effect of hesperidin on myeloperoxidase activity in rat plasma of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6),*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/31361769-9d9d-4e34-a669-2dd708e3bf43/yrer_a_1344013_f0002_b.gif)
Figure 3. (A) Effect of hesperidin on ROS production in exudates cells of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. (B) Representative plot of flow cytometric analysis of ROS production in pleural exudates cells using dihydrorhodamine 123 dye. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 3. (A) Effect of hesperidin on ROS production in exudates cells of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. (B) Representative plot of flow cytometric analysis of ROS production in pleural exudates cells using dihydrorhodamine 123 dye. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/660a9e15-8fcf-49ac-8b67-67964b2ab0b4/yrer_a_1344013_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4. Effect of hesperidin on ROS production in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 4. Effect of hesperidin on ROS production in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/8f7d79ac-6a42-439b-8515-51164955a94f/yrer_a_1344013_f0004_b.gif)
Figure 5. Effect of hesperidin on TBARS generation in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 5. Effect of hesperidin on TBARS generation in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/6461f345-626a-499d-88a3-259b39ebdbfb/yrer_a_1344013_f0005_b.gif)
Figure 6. Effect of hesperidin on δ-ALAD activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. CTL: Control; PLE: Inflammation only; HSD: Hesperidin only; PLE + HSD: Inflammation with hesperidin.
![Figure 6. Effect of hesperidin on δ-ALAD activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. CTL: Control; PLE: Inflammation only; HSD: Hesperidin only; PLE + HSD: Inflammation with hesperidin.](/cms/asset/e0211d1f-97ce-4cfc-96c1-7852cc02ee7e/yrer_a_1344013_f0006_b.gif)
Figure 7. Effect of hesperidin on SOD activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 7. Effect of hesperidin on SOD activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/b80ebf9d-2a0f-48b2-bd72-81e57dc8a9c3/yrer_a_1344013_f0007_b.gif)
Figure 8. Effect of hesperidin on CAT activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 8. Effect of hesperidin on CAT activity in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/ba798f5b-9554-4228-9b6b-a756f1f57ba8/yrer_a_1344013_f0008_b.gif)
Figure 9. Effect of hesperidin on NPSH level in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).
![Figure 9. Effect of hesperidin on NPSH level in rat liver of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the PLE or/and CTL group. Key: CTL: rats were administered saline solution only (Normal control group); PLE: rats were administered saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) orally and injected with carrageenan (Inflammation control group); HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg of hesperidin only (Hesperidin group); PLE + HSD: rats were administered 80 mg/kg hesperidin orally and intrapleurally injected with carrageenan (Inflammation treated with hesperidin group).](/cms/asset/e0ae4b59-ded1-42a9-befe-f88b1a46f913/yrer_a_1344013_f0009_b.gif)