Biomarkers of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in elderly patients with hypertension

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics in patients and controls.

Parameters	Patients	Control I (<65)	Control II (65)
n	49	30	30
Age (years)	75.0 ± 9.2	32.5 ± 9.1	79.3 ± 9.6
Smoking	No	No	No
BMI (kg m^−1)	25.0 ± 0.2	26.2 ± 4.4	25.7 ± 3.1
Systolic BP (mmHg)	161.9 ± 11.9***/	118.2 ± 7.5	118.4 ± 10.7
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	90.3 ± 6.9**/	78.1 ± 5.4# #	69.7 ± 6.3
Plasma glucose concentration (mg dL^−1)	86.4 ± 10.1	79.7 ± 5.4	95.7 ± 14.9
Plasma total cholesterol (mg dL^−1)	193.4 ± 20.2	176.8 ± 14.2	196.3 ± 40.3
Plasma HDL cholesterol (mg dL^−1)	52.5 ± 8.8	46.4 ± 6.9	57.6 ± 12.8
Plasma LDL cholesterol (mg dL^−1)	143.1 ± 17.9	136.3 ± 16.1	140.3 ± 37.9
Plasma triglycerides (mg dL^−1)	161.7 ± 39.7**/	126.7 ± 11.5	119.8 ± 26.4
Serum creatinine concentration (mg dL^−1)	0.863 ± 0.18	0.718 ± 0.11	0.989 ± 0.12

Values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Patients vs. Control I (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001); Patients vs. Control II (ǂp < 0.05, ǂ ǂp < 0.01, ǂ ǂ ǂp < 0.001);

Control I vs. Control II (#p < 0.05, # #p < 0.01, # # #p < 0.001).

Table 2. Comparison of study parameters between the study and control groups by ANOVA.

Parameters	Patients (n = 49)	Control I (<65) (n = 30)	Control II (65) (n = 30)	P-value
GSH (mmol/L^−1)	2.50 ± 0.38**/	2.73 ± 0.21	2.75 ± 0.33	<0.01
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (U/gHb^−1)	13.00 ± 2.46***/	17.39 ± 3.22# #	15.19 ± 2.88	<0.001
SOD1 (U/gHb^−1)	2293 ± 177.2***/	3258 ± 362.4# # #	2926 ± 371.8	<0.001
CAT (U/gHb^−1)	21.8 ± 1.74*	23.8 ± 3.60	23.4 ± 3.91	<0.01
TBARS (mol/gHb)	0.277 ± 0.03***/	0.230 ± 0.03	0.238 ± 0.03	<0.001
NO (mol/L)	1.34 ± 0.39	1.80 ± 1.16# # #	3.621.48	<0.001
Cp (U/L)	1116.77 ± 318.66***/ ^ǂ ǂ	756.1 ± 229.54	840.30 ± 156.71	<0.001

One-way ANOVA, *significant at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05), values of parameters are expressed as mean ± SD.

Patients vs. Control I (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001); Patients vs. Control II (ǂp < 0.05, ǂ ǂp < 0.01, ǂ ǂ ǂp < 0.001); Control I vs. Control II (#p < 0.05, # #p < 0.01, # # #p < 0.001).

Table 3. Comparison of study parameters between the study and control gender-based subgroups by ANOVA.

Parameter	Group I Patients Male n = 13	Group II Patients Female n = 36	Group III Control I (<65) Male n = 8	Group IV Control I (<65) Female n = 19	Group V Control II (65) Male n = 7	Group VI Control II (65) Female n = 23
GSH (mmol/L^−1)	2.63 ± 0.42	2.46 ± 0.34^f,g	2.68 ± 0.42	2.75 ± 0.21	2.84 ± 0.27	2.73 ± 0.34
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (U/gHb^−1)	13.68 ± 2.44	13.0 ± 2.48^fff,g	14.81 ± 3.05	17.39 ± 3.39	15.63 ± 2.8	15.19 ± 2.96
SOD-1 (U/gHb^−1)	2333 ± 190.3^ddd,e	2279 ± 164.1^fff,ggg	3275 ± 333^h	3254 ± 391.8^i	2753 ± 360.2	2987 ± 383.4
CAT (U/gHb^−1)	21.6 ± 1.50	21.8 ± 1.98	24.3 ± 4.10	23.8 ± 3.10	24.8 ± 4.20	23.0 ± 3.62
TBARS (mol/gHb)	0.271 ± 0.04	0.280 ± 0.02^fff,ggg	0.240 ± 0.02	0.238 ± 0.04	0.242 ± 0.04^cc	0.212 ± 0.02
NO (mol/L)	1.34 ± 0.37^eee	1.37 ± 0.41^ggg	2.55 ± 1.15	1.57 ± 1.10^iii	3.84 ± 1.261	3.57 ± 1.56
Cp (U/L)	1149 ± 459.2^d	1135 ± 262.0^fff,ggg	797 ± 269.2	796 ± 162.3	869 ± 250.7	846 ± 62.7

One-way ANOVA, *significant at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05), values of parameters are expressed as mean ± SD.

Group I vs. Group II (^ap < 0.05, ^aap < 0.01, ^aaap < 0.001); Group III vs. Group IV (^bp < 0.05, ^bbp < 0.01, ^bbbp < 0.001); Group V vs. Group VI (^cp < 0.05, ^ccp < 0.01, ^cccp < 0.001); Group I vs. Group III (^dp < 0.05, ^ddp < 0.01, ^dddp < 0.001); Group I vs. Group V (^ep < 0.05, ^eep < 0.01, ^eeep < 0.001); Group II vs. Group IV (^fp < 0.05, ^ffp < 0.01, ^fffp < 0.001); Group II vs. Group VI (^gp < 0.05, ^ggp < 0.01, ^gggp < 0.001); Group III vs. Group V (^hp < 0.05, ^hhp < 0.01, ^hhhp < 0.001); Group IV vs. Group VI (ⁱp < 0.05, ⁱⁱp < 0.01, ⁱⁱⁱp < 0.001).