Influence of gestational diabetes on the activity of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and oxidative stress biomarkers

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters of the studied groups.

Parameters	GDM (n = 48)	Controls (n = 30)
Maternal age (years)	29.00 (25.00–33.00)	24.00 (21.75−30.75)
BMI (kg/m²)	31.51 ± 4.36	29.45 ± 4.32
Gestational age (weeks)	32.50 (30.25−36.00)	33.00 (31.00−37.00)
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	110.00 (100.00−120.00)	110.00 (100.00−110.00)
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	70.00 (60.00−70.00)	70.00 (60.00−70.00)
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	96.00 (92.00−105.00)*	78.00 (69.00−81.00)
HbA1c (%)	5.63 ± 0.47	–
Erythrocytes (10^6/mm³)	4.14 ± 0.34	3.97 ± 0.34
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.90 (11.20−12.50)	11.60 (10.80−13.20)
Hematocrit (%)	35.89 ± 2.56	35.56 ± 2.64
Platelets (×10³/mm³)	228.00 ± 44.22	212.30 ± 42.04

Data were expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Statistically significant differences from the controls were determined by Mann–Whitney test (* p < 0.0001).

Figure 1. (A) Activity of δ-ALA-D enzyme in women with GDM and controls. Data were expressed as median (interquartile range) in U/L. (B) Reactivation index of δ-ALA-D enzyme in women with GDM and controls. Data were expressed as median (interquartile range) in %. Statistically significant differences from the controls were determined by Mann–Whitney test (* p < 0.0001).

Table 2. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with GDM and controls.

Biomarkers	GDM (n = 48)	Controls (n = 30)
TBARS plasma (nmol/mL)	5.83 ± 1.98****	3.93 ± 1.62
TBARS erythrocytes (nmol/mL)	25.14 ± 5.88****	16.69 ± 7.66
P-SH (nmol P-SH/mL)	124.5 (105.70−146.50)***	153.40 (127.20−170.90)
NP-SH (nmol NP-SH/mL)	712.00 ± 120.70***	829.50 ± 155.90
VIT C (μg vit C/mL)	10.83 ± 2.95**	14.03 ± 5.26
CAT (K/mg·Hb)	45.15 ± 8.49*	50.91 ± 11.3

Data were expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Statistically significant differences from the controls were determined by Student’s t or Mann–Whitney test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Figure 2. Spearman correlations in women with GDM (n = 48). (A) Correlation between δ-ALA-D activity and the reactivation index (r = −0.3051, p = 0.0032), (B) Correlation between δ-ALA-D activity and NP-SH levels (r = 0.3628, p = 0.0113), (C) Correlation between δ-ALA-D activity and TBARS levels in erythrocytes (r = −0.4583, p = 0.0014), (D) Correlation between TBARS levels in erythrocytes and fasting glucose levels in women with GDM (r = 0.4220, p = 0.0043).