A high-caloric diet rich in soy oil alleviates oxidative damage of skeletal muscles induced by dexamethasone in chickens

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effects of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) on plasma parameters of the broilers in experiment 1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05. (A) MDA; (B) T-SOD; (C) CAT; (D) GSH-Px.

Figure 2. Effects of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities in the skeletal muscles (M. pectoralis major, PM; M. biceps femoris, BF) of the broilers in experiment 1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) Protein carbonyl; (B) MDA; (C) T-SOD; (D) CAT; (E) GSH-Px.

Figure 3. Effects of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) on antioxidative enzyme activities and respiratory chain complex activities in the skeletal muscle mitochondria (M. pectoralis major, PM; M. biceps femoris, BF) of the broilers in experiment 1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) Mitochondrial T-SOD; (B) Mitochondrial CAT; (C) Mitochondrial GSH-Px; (D) Mitochondrial Complex I; (E) Mitochondrial Complex II.

Figure 4. Effects of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidative enzymes of the broilers in experiment 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) MDA; (B) 8-OHdG; (C) Urate; (D) Allantoin; (E) T-SOD; (F) CAT; (G) GSH-Px.

Figure 5. Effects of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the contents of oxidative stress markers and antioxidative enzymes in the M. pectoralis major (PM) muscle of the broilers in experiment 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01. (A) MDA; (B) Protein carbonyls; (C) 8-OHdG; (D) T-SOD; (E) CAT; (F) GSH-Px.

Figure 6. Effect of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the redox balance and respiratory chain complex activities in the mitochondria of the M. pectoralis major (PM) muscle of the broilers in experiment 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) 8-OHdG; (B) AIHR; (C) T-SOD; (D) CAT; (E) GSH-Px; (F) Complex I; (G) Complex II.

Figure 7. Effect of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the contents of oxidative stress markers and antioxidative enzymes in the M. biceps femoris (BF) muscle of the broilers in experiment 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05. (A) MDA; (B) Protein carbonyls; (C) 8-OHdG; (D) SOD; (E) CAT; (F) GSH-Px.

Figure 8. Effect of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the redox balance and respiratory chain complex activities in the M. biceps femoris (BF) muscle of the broilers in experiment 2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) 8-OHdG; (B) AIHR; (C) T-SOD; (D) CAT; (E) GSH-Px; (F) Complex I; (G) Complex II.

Figure 9. Effect of DEX (2.0 mg/kg body weight) and a HC diet rich in soy oil on the fatty acid composition of the skeletal muscles of broilers. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. (A) effect of DEX in PM; (B) effect of HC diet in PM; (C) effect of DEX in BF; (D) effect of HC diet in BF; (E) interaction effect of DEX and HC diet in SFA of BF.

Figure 10. Proposed model of GCs and soy oil diet action on oxidative damage of skeletal muscles in chickens (↑ increase; ↓ decrease; ⊥ inhibitory). GCs suppresses the mitochondrial complex I activity, decreases the unsaturated degree of fatty acid profiles, and induces oxidative damage in skeletal muscles. A HC diet rich in soy oil improves antioxidative capacities and reduces the oxidative stress induced by the GCs.