Redox imbalance in Crohn's disease patients is modulated by Azathioprine

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of CD patients and healthy controls.

	Sex (Female/Male)	BMI	Age/years	Severity Score	WBC	CRP	ESR	Hem	Hct
CD patients (n = 15)	12/3	22.3 ± 1	33.6 ± 1.8	186 ± 14.7	7560 ± 416.7	18 ± 3.3	24 ± 5.5	12.5 ± 0.3	42 ± 1
Controls (n = 15)	11/4	31.5 ± 0.5	31.5 ± 1.2	–	–	–	–	–	–

BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hem, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit.

Table 2. Primers sequences and cycling condition used for gene expression analysis through real-time qRT-PCR.

Gene	Amplicon Length (bp)	Forward primer (5'→3')	Reverse primer (3'→5')	Cycling condition
gp91-phox	106	CTGGAAACCCTCCTATGACTTG	GTGATGACCACCTTCTGTTGAG	40 Cycles, 59°C
catalase	238	TGCTGAATGAGGAACAGAGGAA	CCTCACAGATTTGCCTTCTCC	40 Cycles, 60°C
nrf2	204	CCATTCCTGAGTTACAGTGTCT	CTGTGGAGAGGATGCTGC	40 Cycles, 58°C
sod1	181	AGCGAGTTATGGCGACGAAG	CAGCCTGCTGTATTATCTCCA	40 Cycles, 59°C
sod2	144	CTCAGGTTGGGGTTGGCT	TGAAGGTAGTAAGCGTGCTCC	40 Cycles, 57°C
18s rRNA	151	GTAACCCGTTGAACCCCATT	CCATCCAATCGGTAGTAGCG	40 Cycles, 59°C

bp, base-pair; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; SOD1, superoxide dismutase-1; SOD2, superoxide dismutase-2.

Figure 1. Elevated expression of oxidative stress markers in patients with CD (CD). Fold changing expression of GP91PHOX (A), NRF2 (B), CATALASE (C), SOD1 (D), SOD2 (E) were measured in the PBMCs of CD patients before and after prescription of Azathioprine (Aza). Data are shown as average ± standard deviation (SD). Comparison between CD, Azathioprine receiving CD patients (CD + Aza) groups and healthy controls (Ctrl) was performed by One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test. *P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.05, NS: non-significant.