Effect of 6-week curcumin supplementation on aerobic capacity, antioxidant status and sirtuin 3 level in middle-aged amateur long-distance runners

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic characteristics of participants.

Variables	PL (n = 15)		CU (n = 15)
	M (SD)	Min-Max	M (SD)	Min-Max
Age (years)	39.6 (5.8)	31.0-49.0	37.1 (4.5)	31.0-44.0
Height (cm)	177.4 (6.3)	170.0-188.0	178.3 (7.9)	162.0-190.0
Weight (kg)	76.7 (5.5)	68.1-87.0	74.4 (11.1	53.8-91.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.4 (1.9)	20.4-27.4	23.3 (2.1)	20.5-26.6
Internship (years)	4.0 (0.9)	3.0-6.0	4.3 (1.0)	3.0-6.0

Notes: M-mean; SD – standard deviation; PL - placebo group; CU – curcumin - supplemented group

Table 2. Changes in markers of antioxidant status and sirtuin 3 level after 6-week curcumin supplementation and exercise.

Variables	Measurement	Time	PL (n = 15)	CU (n = 15)
			Me (QD)	Me (QD)
SOD (U/gHb)	1-st	rest	1634.4 (233.4)	1630.3 (228.1)
		post test	1594.2 (227.6)	1544.5 (171.4)
		1 h post test	1564.4 (157.6)	1736.3 (228.8)
	2-nd	rest	1552.4 (160.9)	1713.3 (222.1)
		post test	1607.2 (160.1)	1670.3 (249.0)
		1 h post test	1652.2 (186.1)	1688.3 (158.2)
CAT (k/gHb)	1-st	rest	169.7 (28.3)	188.3 (12.5)
		post test	190.5 (27.2)	204.7 (41.4)
		1 h post test	184.6 (10.7)	209.9 (27.8)
	2-nd	rest	199.2 (40.2)	178.0 (20.6)
		post test	191.7 (32.6)	204.5 (30.0)
		1 h post test	181.3 (14.3)	170.9 (30.9)
GPx (U/gHb)	1-st	rest	42.8 (6.3)	43.0 (4.7)
		post test	49.3 (6.1)	50.1 (4.2)
		1 h post test	44.8 (8.0)	42.4 (5.3) ^bbb
	2-nd	rest	46.0 (8.4)	41.2 (5.0)
		post test	53.3 (12.2)	50.4 (12.0) ^ccc
		1 h post test	43.4 (6.0) ^bb	44.7 (7.1) ^bb
GSH (µg/mgHb)	1-st	rest	2.7 (0.3)	2.7 (0.3)
		post test	2.7 (0.3)	2.7 (0.3)
		1 h post test	2.9 (0.5)	3.0 (0.3)
	2-nd	rest	2.7 (0.3)	2.8 (0.2)
		post test	2.7 (0.2)	2.8 (0.2)
		1 h post test	2.8 (0.4)	2.9 (0.3)
UA (mg/dl)	1-st	rest	5.5 (1.0)	4.8 (1.0)
		post test	5.2 (0.5)	4.8 (1.1)
		1 h post test	7.1 (0.9) ^bbbcc	6.6 (1.2) ^bbbccc
	2-nd	rest	5.4 (0.6)	4.6 (1.5)
		post test	5.3 (0.5)	4.6 (1.3)
		1 h post test	6.5 (0.8) ^bbbccc	6.7 (1.5) ^bbbcc
TAS (mmol/l)	1-st	rest	1.5 (0.1)	1.3 (0.1) ^ddd
		post test	1.4 (0.1)	1.2 (0.1) ^ddd
		1 h post test	1.6 (0.1) ^bbbc	1.4 (0.1) ^bbbddd
	2-nd	rest	1.4 (0.1)	1.3 (0.2)
		post test	1.3 (0.1) ^a	1.3 (0.1)
		1 h post test	1.5 (0.1) ^bbb	1.6 (0.2) ^bbbc
SIRT3 (ng/ml)	1-st	rest	2.6 (1.0)	2.2 (0.5)
		post test	4.0 (2.4)	3.0 (0.7) ^c
		1 h post test	3.8 (2.0)	2.7 (1.4)
	2-nd	rest	1.4 (1.2) ^a	2.9 (1.0) ^ad
		post test	3.5 (1.7) ^cc	4.8 (1.7)
		1 h post test	3.3 (1.1) ^cc	3.3 (2.0)

Notes: Me – median; QD – quartile deviation; PL – placebo group; CU – curcumin – supplemented group; SOD – superoxide dismutase; GPx – glutathione peroxidase; CAT – catalase; GSH – reduced glutathione; UA – uric acid; TAS – total antioxidant status; SIRT 3 – sirtuin 3; ^ap ≤ 0.05 – significantly different vs. values in the first trial (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test); ^bbp ≤ 0.01, ^bbbp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. values immediately post-exercise in the same trial (Friedman rank test and Dunn’s post-hoc test); ^cp ≤ 0.05, ^ccp ≤ 0.01, ^cccp ≤ 0.001 – significant different vs. values at rest in the same trial (Friedman rank test); ^dp ≤ 0.05, ^dddp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. the corresponding values in the placebo group (Mann-Whitney test)

Table 3. Changes in markers of oxidative stress after 6-week curcumin supplementation and exercise.

Variables	Measurement	Time	PL (n = 15)	CU (n = 15)
			Me (QD)	Me (QD)
TOS/TOC (µmol/l)	1-st	rest	295.1 (85.1)	322.6 (61.2)
		post test	376.6 (155.5)	405.3 (73.9)
		1h post test	284.3 (83.8) ^bbb	291.0 (51.1) ^bbb
	2-nd	rest	344.1 (155.1)	268.2 (121.3)
		post test	362.4 (196.1)	287.7 (171.5)
		1 h post test	267.3 (107.8) ^bbb	245.2 (85.2) ^b
MDA (µmol/l)	1-st	rest	4.8 (0.6)	4.8 (0.7)
		post test	4.2 (0.6)	4.7 (0.6)
		1 h post test	5.1 (0.9)	4.9 (0.5)
	2-nd	rest	5.5 (0.8) ^aa	5.2 (0.5) ^a
		post test	5.1 (0.9) ^aa	4.7 (0.6)
		1 h post test	5.6 (0.6) ^aa	5.2 (0.9)
8-OHdG (pg/ml)	1-st	rest	18640.0 (4296.0)	19600.0 (4812.0)
		post test	24418.2 (4513.5)	23812.4 (5276.5)
		1 h post test	27319.9 (7231.5)	25349.8 (6888.1)
	2-nd	rest	15048.0 (8020.0)	15368.0 (3772.0)
		post test	17737.2 (5502.8)	18474.8 (4300.2) ^a
		1 h post test	22545.5 (5027.0)	22355.1 (4700.3) ^ccc

Notes: Me – median; QD – quartile deviation; PL – placebo group; CU – curcumin – supplemented group; TOS/TOC – total oxidant status/total oxidant capacity; MDA – malondialdehyde; 8-OHdG-8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; ^ap ≤ 0.05, ^aap ≤ 0.01 – significantly different vs. values in the first trial (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test); ^bp ≤ 0.05, ^bbbp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. values immediately post-exercise in the same trial (Friedman rank test and Dunn’s post-hoc test); ^cccp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. values at rest in the same trial (Friedman rank test)

Table 4. Changes in muscle-damage markers after 6-week curcumin supplementation and exercise.

Variables	Measurement	Time	PL (n = 15)	CU (n = 15)
			Me (QD)	Me (QD)
CK (U/l)	1-st	rest	180.8 (78.3)	126.8 (54.0)
		post test	197.2 (68.6)	136.9 (48.1)
		1h post test	212.7 (103.5) ^ccc	151.4 (57.0) ^bbc
	2-nd	rest	159.2 (112.0)	153.8 (85.1)
		post test	148.3 (123.1)	153.9 (84.2)
		1h post test	168.5 (153.6) ^c	179.8 (94.7) ^bb
LDH (U/l)	1-st	rest	269.8 (49.9)	291.4 (39.2)
		post test	309.8 (47.5)	331.7 (27.6)
		1h post test	303.5 (51.5) ^cc	312.5 (27.7)
	2-nd	rest	327.1 (63.4) ^a	299.5 (30.9)
		post test	386.2 (86.1)	327.3 (36.1)
		1h post test	349.3 (82.1)	324.8 (43.0) ^c
Mb (ng/ml)	1-st	rest	8.3 (4.4)	8.6 (1.4)
		post test	8.5 (5.3)	10.4 (2.3)
		1h post test	15.8 (4.7) ^bbbccc	13.5 (3.5) ^bbccc
	2-nd	rest	8.7 (2.4)	8.4 (1.6)
		post test	10.9 (2.6)	9.4 (2.3)
		1h post test	13.6 (3.5) ^bbcc	13.3 (3.6) ^bbcc

Notes: Me – median; QD – quartile deviation; PL – placebo group; CU – curcumin – supplemented group; CK – creatine kinase; LDH – lactate dehydrogenase; Mb – myoglobin; ^ap ≤ 0.05 – significantly different vs. values in the first trial (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test); ^bp ≤ 0.05, ^bbp ≤ 0.01, ^bbbp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. values immediately post-exercise in the same trial (Friedman rank test and Dunn’s post-hoc test); ^cp ≤ 0.05, ^ccp ≤ 0.01, ^cccp ≤ 0.001 – significantly different vs. values at rest in the same trial (Friedman rank test)

Data availability statement

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.