Figure 2. Energy metabolism was reduced in skeletal muscle in CthΔskm mice. The CthΔskm and littermate Cthf/f mice were housed under standard condition until 17 weeks old, and then sacrificed under deep anesthesia. GAS was obtained for quasi-metabolomics analysis, RNA-seq analysis, and Q-PCR. (A), integrated KEGG enrichment analysis of metabolomics and RNA-seq. (B), diagrammatic sketch map of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid degradation. (C&D), the levels of metabolites in carbohydrate metabolism (C) and fatty acid degradation (D) between CthΔskm and Cthf/f mice (n = 8 in each group). (E–G), the mRNA levels of the enzymes in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (E), TCA cycle (E), pentose phosphate pathway (F), and fatty acid degradation (G) determined by Q-PCR (n = 6 in each group). The data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. G6PC1, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1; GPI1, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1; FBP1, fructose bisphosphatase 1; OGDH, oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide); SUCLA2, succinate-Coenzyme A ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit; FH1, fumarate hydratase 1; MDH1, malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble); MDH2, malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial); EHHADH, enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; ECHS1, enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial; HADHA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha; HADH, hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; HADHB, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta; ACAA1A, acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1A; ACAA1B, acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1B; Hk1, hexokinase 1; Hk2, hexokinase 2; Pfkm, phosphofructokinase, muscle; Aldoa, aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate; Tpi, triosephosphate isomerase 1; Pkm, pyruvate kinase, muscle; Ldha, lactate dehydrogenase A; Pck1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic; Pcx, pyruvate carboxylase; Pdhb, pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta; Dlat, dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; Cs, citrate synthase; Aco2, aconitase 2, mitochondrial, Idh1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble; Idh2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial; Sdha, succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp); Sdhd, succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein; Rgn, regucalcin; Idnk, idnK gluconokinase homolog (E. coli); Rpia, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A; Rpe, ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase; Tkt, transketolase; Pgd, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; Cpt1b, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle; Cpt2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; Acadl, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long-chain; Acadsb, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short/branched chain; Acaa2, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2.