Identifying strategic entry points for transformative politics towards a degrowth society: how to operationalize the concept of the “imperial mode of living” for empirical research

Figures & data

Table 1. The four lines of degrowth research.

Line of research	Research topics
(1) Reasons why degrowth is necessary and desirable	Key aspects are the incompatibility of environmentalism and economic growth, and social justice – in particular, but not exclusively, at the global level (e.g. Daly 1991; Jackson 2009; Kallis 2018; Latouche 2009)
(2) Principles of social organization	The transformation of wage labor, the revaluation of care work, and the establishment of commons are discussed as important cornerstones (e.g. D'Alisa, Demaria, and Kallis 2015; Kallis 2018; Kallis et al. 2018; Rosa and Henning 2018)
(3) Concrete policy proposals	The emphasis is on the regulation of wage labor, as it is regarded as structuring daily life. Thus, for example a reduction of working hours, an unconditional basic income, a maximum income, and a collectivization of firm ownership are perceived to have transformative potential (e.g. D'Alisa, Demaria, and Kallis 2015; Kallis et al. 2013; Knight, Rosa, and Schor 2013; Lange 2018)
(4) Lifestyles and social structure, everyday practices and strategies	Attitude patterns and their relation to social-structural factors are analyzed in cluster analysis (e.g. Eversberg in this issue; Eversberg and Schmelzer 2018). Business strategies as well as the political strategies and everyday practices of civil society initiatives and social movements are studied under the heading of degrowth pioneers (e.g. Burkhart, Schmelzer, and Treu 2017; Calvário and Kallis 2017; Leonhardt, Juschten, and Spash 2017; Sommer 2018)

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