The role of proximity in stakeholder networks for Smart Specialisation: a Sparsely Populated Area case study

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Variable	Description	Observations	Mean	Min	Max	Std. Dev.
Size	Number of employees	19	632	2	3,000	882
Geog_prox	Distance in kilometres between two stakeholders (negative values)	19	−123	−1	−410	−110
Instit_prox	Dummy variable (0 = different category; 1 = same category)	19	0.30	0	1	0.46
Cogn_prox	Dummy variable (0 = different activity; 1 = similar activity)	19	0.20	0	1	0.35

Figure 1. Informal relationships. Legend: Circle = Research institute; Square = Development company; Up triangle = Government and institution/local authority.

Figure 2. Formal relationships. Legend: Circle = Research institute; Square = Development company; Up triangle = Government and institution/local authority.

Table 2. ERGM: informal network.

Parameter	Model version
	1	2	3	4	5
Edge	0.031 (0.228)	0.615* (0.358)	0.933** (0.436)	0.666 (0.456)	0.572 (0.477)
Size	0.00027* (0.00014)	0.00011 (0.00016)	0.00012 (0.00016)	0.00011 (0.00016)	0.00005 (0.00016)
Balance	0.071 (0.061)	0.019 (0.063)	0.008 (0.064)	0.015 (0.065)	0.025 (0.063)
Geog_prox		0.005*** (0.002)	0.004** (0.002)	0.005** (0.002)	0.007*** (0.002)
Instit_prox		−2.365*** (0.192)	−1.839*** (0.232)	−2.387*** (0.205)	−1.702*** (0.239)
Cogn_prox		2.886*** (0.195)	2.783*** (0.251)	2.946*** (0.216)	2.756*** (0.256)
GeogXInstit			0.001 (0.001)		0.002** (0.001)
GeogXCogn				0.000 (0.001)	−0.002* (0.001)
AIC	230.1	210.7	210.2	212.7	208.8
BIC	239.6	229.6	232.2	234.7	233.9

Statistical significance: ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1.

‘Size’ presents five digits after comma because of the low magnitude of the coefficient.

Table 3. ERGM: formal network.

Parameter	Model version
	1	2	3	4	5
Edge	−1.754*** (0.490)	−0.802 (0.510)	−0.858 (0.543)	−0.897 (0.590)	−0.863 (0.613)
Size	0.00009 (0.00017)	−0.00031 (0.00020)	−0.00032 (0.00020)	−0.00032 (0.00020)	−0.00032 (0.00020)
Balance	0.136* (0.075)	0.174*** (0.059)	0.173*** (0.062)	0.176*** (0.059)	0.173*** (0.062)
Geog_prox		0.013*** (0.003)	0.014*** (0.003)	0.014*** (0.003)	0.014*** (0.003)
Instit_prox		−0.178 (0.632)	−0.269 (0.722)	−0.254 (0.668)	−0.232 (0.726)
Cogn_prox		1.321** (0.535)	1.371** (0.576)	1.362** (0.556)	1.356** (0.566)
GeogXInstit			−0.000 (0.001)		−0.000 (0.002)
GeogXCogn				−0.000 (0.001)	0.000 (0.002)
AIC	197.5	161.9	163.9	163.8	165.7
BIC	206.9	180.7	185.9	185.8	190.8

Statistical significance: ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1.

‘Size’ presents five digits after comma because of the low magnitude of the coefficient.