External drivers of EU differentiated cooperation: How change in the nuclear nonproliferation regime affects member states alignment

Figures & data

Figure 1. EU member states membership in select NPT groupings (as of 2015). Note: Countries co-sponsoring the 2015 Joint Statement on the Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons are marked in italics. Note that membership of NAC varied over the course of the period under study (see main text).

Figure 2. Ideal points of EU members since 2000. Legend: solid line represents members of EU and NATO, dotted line represents members of EU but not NATO, red line represents members of NATO but not EU.

Figure 3. Kurtosis of ideal point data over time. Source: own calculation based on Voeten (2020).

Figure 4. Agreement Index for repeated nuclear resolutions. Source: own calculation based on Voeten (2020).

Table 1. Nuclear disarmament resolutions at UNGA.

Resolution title	Resolution code
Follow-up on ICJ Legality and Threat of Nuclear Weapons	A/RES/75/66 (2020)
Accelerating Disarmament Commitments	A/RES/75/65 (2020)
2013 High-level Meeting Follow Up (Nuclear Disarmament)	A/RES/75/45 (2020)
Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East	A/RES/75/84 (2020)
Nuclear-weapon-free Southern Hemisphere	A/RES/74/48 (2019)
Taking Forward Multilateral Nuclear Commitments	A/RES/72/31 (2017)
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons	A/RES/75/40 (2020)
Humanitarian Pledge	A/RES/71/47 (2016)
Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons Use	A/RES/75/39 (2020)

Note: most recent year included in the dataset in parentheses.

Figure 5. Co-sponsorship of proposals at NPT RevCons among EU members.

Table 2. Co-sponsorship of proposals & working papers among EU members at NPT Revcons.

Year	Variable	Mean	Min	P10	P25	Median	P90	Max
2000	EU co-sponsorship	0.51	0.24	0.25	0.31	0.56	0.71	0.83
2000	Co-sponsorship with other EU countries	0.41	0.04	0.24	0.30	0.43	0.59	0.59
2000	Co-sponsorship with non-EU NATO countries	0.21	0.00	0.08	0.10	0.17	0.42	0.42
2005	EU co-sponsorship	0.81	0.45	0.53	0.77	0.91	1.00	1.00
2005	Co-sponsorship with other EU countries	0.83	0.52	0.59	0.76	0.91	0.94	1.00
2005	Co-sponsorship with non-EU NATO countries	0.23	0.15	0.15	0.19	0.20	0.50	0.54
2010	EU co-sponsorship	0.58	0.25	0.25	0.29	0.62	0.80	1.00
2010	Co-sponsorship with other EU countries	0.75	0.35	0.44	0.50	0.79	0.96	1.00
2010	Co-sponsorship with non-EU NATO countries	0.12	0.00	0.03	0.11	0.12	0.21	0.22
2015	EU co-sponsorship	0.53	0.30	0.33	0.43	0.55	0.75	0.75
2015	Co-sponsorship with other EU countries	0.82	0.48	0.56	0.70	0.88	0.99	0.99
2015	Co-sponsorship with non-EU NATO countries	0.17	0.10	0.11	0.15	0.19	0.22	0.25

P_x denotes the x^th percentile rank.

Voeten, E. (2020). United-Nations-General-Assembly-Votes-and-Ideal-Points. GitHub. https://github.com/evoeten/United-Nations-General-Assembly-Votes-and-Ideal-Points/blob/master/Output/IdealpointestimatesNuclear_Apr2020.csv.

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