Yerushalayim, al-Quds and the Wizard of Oz: Facing the Problem of Jerusalem after Camp David II and the al-Aqsa Intifada

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Notes

 1 Text circulated as a press release via email from Yossi Baumol, Executive Director Jerusalem Reclamation Project–Ateret Cohanim [email protected], 9 May 2001.

 2 On 27 June 1967 the Knesset also passed the “Protection of Holy Places Law.” Like the other two laws, this law does not mention Jerusalem. Its main purpose was to make desecration of a holy place or interference with free access to a holy place (anywhere where Israeli law was in force) punishable by substantial prison terms.

 3 For a detailed legal and administrative analysis of the amendments and declarations that put this state of affairs into effect, see Ian S. Lustick, “Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?” Middle East Policy, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1997), pp. 34–45.

 4 The ultimatum was delivered by Menachem Begin in a speech before the Knesset on 3 May 1982 and a Cabinet Resolution adopted on 9 May 1982. For exact texts see Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), 4 May 1982, p. I1; 6 May 1982, p. I1; and 10 May 1982, p. I8. For an analysis of the ulterior motive (to sabotage the negotiations) involved in this sudden emphasis on Jerusalem as a venue for the talks, see Poles, “Camp David: The Second Half,” Ha'aretz, 7 May 1982. For other examples of the use of this technique in connection with various diplomatic attempts to move the “peace process” forward, see public remarks by National Religious Party Member of Knesset Hayim Druckman, 10 October 1982, IDF Radio Broadcast, transcribed by FBIS, 12 October 1982, p. I9; Moshe Zak, “A Magic Word Called Federation,” Ma'ariv, 13 October 1982; reports from Ma'ariv, 5 November 1985, and Jerusalem Domestic Service Radio Broadcasts, 5 November 1985, of objections by Ariel Sharon and Gush Emunim (Bloc of the Faithful) settlers against the contradiction between proposals to negotiate with Jordan and the terms of the 1980 “Jerusalem Law,” in FBIS, 5 November 1982, pp. I2–13, and remarks by Ariel Sharon to his political associates while celebrating the establishment of a personal residence in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City, Ha'aretz, 25 May 1989.

 5 For an extended treatment of this fetishization project as a failed effort to establish the hegemony of politically profitable images of Yerushalayim, see Ian S. Lustick, “The Fetish of Jerusalem: A Hegemonic Analysis,” in Michael N. Barnett (ed.), Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom (Albany, NY, 1996), pp. 143–72.

 6 An “eruv” is a ritually acceptable fence, usually a combination of wire, existing walls, and other markers, which can be used to demarcate zones within which, according to Halakhah (Orthodox Jewish law), observant Jews are permitted to carry things on the Sabbath. For a map of the eruv as it divided the city in 2000, see Ian S. Lustick, “Yerushalayim and al-Quds: Political Catechism and Political Realities,” Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1 (2000), p. 17.

 7 Jerome M. Segal, Shlomit Levy, Nadar Izzat Sa'id and Elihu Katz, Negotiating Jerusalem (Albany, NY, 2000) p. 66.

 8 “Yisrael hitzi'ah la-reshut shlitah ezrahit bi-shkhunot tzfoniyot bi-Yerushalayim” (Israel Suggests the PA Exercise Civilian Authority in North Yerushalayim Neighborhoods), Ha'aretz, 31 December 1999; Leslie Susser, “You Say Jerusalem, We'll Say Al-Quds,” The Jerusalem Report, 28 February 2000.

 9 Shlomo Gazit, “Divide Jerusalem,” Jerusalem Post, 1 February 2000; Elisha Efrat, “Why Should We Provide For Them?” Ha-Tzofeh, weekly supplement, 28 January 2000.

10 M. Moratinos, “Minutes of the Negotiations at Taba — January 2001,” Ha'aretz, 2 March 2002.

11 The bill was similar to a proposal advanced in 1995 by Likud and National Religious Party Knesset members worried about then Prme Minister Rabin's willingness, they thought, to negotiate a change in the status or boundaries of Yerushalayim.

12 Divrei ha-Knesset (Knesset Record), debates during March–November 2000, passim (http://www.knesset.go.il/tql/mark01/H0005391.html, ).

13 Segal et al., Negotiating Jerusalem.

14 If in fact the barrier is extended to include Ma'aleh Adumim, to the east of the city, the essential features of the “Eastern Gate” will have been implemented.

15 Votes on the crucial individual parts of the legislation, prior to the final vote, featured majorities in favor of between 62 and 67 as against 13–18 opposed and the rest either absent or not voting.

16 Divrei ha-Knesset, 27 November 2000 (http://www.knesset.go.il/tql/mark01/H0005391.html, ).

17 http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/01/05/israeli.notes/#3

18 David Makovksy, “Time Running out on Clinton Proposals,” Peacewatch, No 303 (11 January 2001) (http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/watch/Peacewatch/peacewatch2001/303.htm, ).