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ABSTRACT
The 1977 elections in Israel marked the first time since the country’s establishment in 1948 for a right-wing government to be elected. Immediately after this sea change, a ‘Democracy in Danger’ fearmongering discourse was instituted by representatives of academic, cultural, political and media elites. In fact, as this article shows, Likud’s ascendance served as a formative event of democratic transformation in the deepest sense of the word, strengthening and deepening Israel’s democratic identity that had hitherto been limited at most.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1. This index includes 13 levels, with 1.0 being the highest and 7 the lowest. The first four levels are 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 and they represent various levels of free states.
2. Fuxman-Shaal, “Herut’s Socioeconomic Doctrine.”
3. Lebel, “Exile from National Identity,” 241–62.
4. Cohen and Nissim, The Herut Movement and the Mizrahim.
5. Lebel, “Blackmailing the Army.”
6. Billig, “Settlements in Judea and Samaria.”
7. Lebel and Hatuka, “Israeli Labour Party and the Security Elite,” 641–63.
8. Lebel, Politics of Memory.
9. Moscovici, La Psychanalyse; Moscovici, Social Influence and Social Change; Moscovici, The Invention of Society.
10. Amda and Asher, The Familiar and the Stranger; Deutsch and Menachem, Between Man, Himself and Others.
11. Kimerling, The End of the Ahusalim Regime.
12. Cohen and Nissim, Herut Movement and the Mizrahim.
13. Sagi, Challenge of Returning to Tradition, 301.
14. Cohen and Eitan, “University and Governance,” 149.
15. Ibid., 152.
16. Ibid., 180.
17. Ibid., 185.
18. Shapira, Chosen to Command.
19. Ibid., 10–14.
20. Excerpt from Levi, “Fascism Fascism.”
21. Quoted in: Cohen, A., “the 1977 Political Panic Discourse” (emphasis added)
22. Neuberger, Israeli Democracy.
23. Ibid., 57–8.
24. Ibid., 58.
25. Haaretz, March 16, Citation2009.
26. Kol Hazman, May 27, Citation2016, http://www.kolhazman.co.il/113805.
27. De Marker (Tel Aviv), April 6, Citation2014.
28. Baratz, Jabotinsky without Jabotinsky.
29. Goldstein, The Path to Hegemony, 73.
30. Goldberg, Political Parties in Israel.
31. Duverger, Political Parties.
32. Schwartz, Faith at the Crossroads; Aran, Kookism).
33. Cohen and Eitan, “University and Governance,” 186.
34. Shapira, Chosen to Command; Neuberger, Israeli Democracy.
35. Freedom House, ‘Freedom in the World 2018: Israel Profile’, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/israel.
37. Hermann et al., The Israeli Democracy Index Citation2015, 18.
38. Smooha, “Still Playing by the Rules,” 9.
39. See, for example, Shefer, “Crisis in Israeli Democracy.”
40. Almog, Goodbye to Srulik.
41. Lebel, “Immunized Integration,” 642–60.
42. Müftüler-Baç and Keyman, “Era of Dominant-Party Politics,” 85–99.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Asher Cohen
Asher Cohen is Chair of the School of Communication and an Associate Professor at the Department of Political Studies, Bar Ilan University.