The rise of the Radical Right in Italy: the case of Fratelli d’Italia

Figures & data

Table 1. List of FdI political documents considered in the analysis (2013–2019).

Year	2013	2014	2014	2017	2018	2019
Title	Le sfide per l’Italia, national manifesto	Speech by the party leader, Fiuggi congress	EP (non) manifesto	Thesis of Trieste, party congress document	Il voto che unisce l’Italia, national manifesto	EP manifesto
Reference	FdI 2013	Meloni 2014	FdI 2014	FdI 2017	FdI 2018	FdI 2019

Source: Documents were retrieved from the party website https://www.fratelli-italia.it/ (last accessed 11 February 2022) and from the leader’s social account https://www.giorgiameloni.it.

Table 2. Electoral results period 2013–2019, main political parties (percentages).

Year	Election	FdI	Forza Italia	Lega (Nord)	M5S	PD
2013	General	1.96	21.56	4.09	25.56	25.43
2014	European	3.67	16.83	6.16	21.16	40.81
2018	General	4.35	14.00	17.35	32.68	18.76
2019	European	6.44	8.78	34.26	17.06	22.74

Source: https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it

Table 3. RRP issues in FdI political manifestos (2013–2019).

Year	2013	2014	2017	2018	2019
Nativism nationalism National preference/welfare chauvinism Xenophic stances/anti-Muslim positions	No No No	Yes No No	Yes Yes Yes	Yes Yes Yes	Yes Yes Yes
Sovereignism Empower national people (patriotism) Reform state institutional system	No Yes	Yes	Yes Yes	Yes Yes	Yes
Authoritarianism Security /immigration issues Law and order policies Traditional values/Punitive moralism	Yes	Yes Yes	Yes Yes Yes	Yes Yes Yes	Yes Yes Yes
Euro-scepticism Revise the European treaties Leave the eurozone Reform the EU political system	No Yes Yes	Yes	Yes Yes Yes	Yes No Yes	Yes No Yes

Source: Author’s elaboration from FdI party manifestos and leader’s speech.

FdI (Fratelli d’Italia). 2013. Le sfide per l’Italia. Available at: https://www.fratelli-italia.it/le-sfide-per-l-italia-9-gennaio-pomeriggio/

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Meloni, G. 2014. Concluding remarks during party congress. Available at: https://www.giorgiameloni.it/2014/03/10/il-testo-integrale-del-mio-discorso-di-replica-al-congresso-di-fratelli-ditalia-alleanza-nazionale/

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FdI (Fratelli d’Italia). 2014. Programma elezioni europee ( retrieved from Available at: https://www.ecodelcittadino.com/2014/05/programma-fratelli-ditalia-elezioni.html)

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FdI (Fratelli d’Italia). 2017. Le Tesi di Trieste per il movimento dei patrioti. Available at: https://www.fratelli-italia.it/le-tesi-trieste/

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FdI (Fratelli d’Italia). 2018. Il voto per unire l’Italia. Available at: https://www.flipsnack.com/fratelliditalia/programma-in-sintesi.html

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FdI (Fratelli d’Italia). 2019. Programma elezioni europee. Available at: https://www.fratelli-italia.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Programma-completo-1.pdf

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