Social capital: improving community capacity to respond to urban heat

Figures & data

Table 1. Indicators for effective social capital for urban heat (ESCUH).

Variable category	Description	Indicator
Trust and cooperative norms	Attitudes and beliefs	Importance of family and friends Support from local government
	Cooperative norms	Collective action within the community
	Experience of discrimination	Experience of discrimination and exclusion
	Identity and belonging	Commitment to community
	Trust in institutions	Trust in local government Trust in local police Willingness to attend public meetings
Personal relationships	Family	Presence and size of nearby extended family
	Social contact	Daily contact face-to-face plus non-face-to-face Contact with others outside the home
	Sources of personal relationships	Overlapping networks
Social network Support	Network size	Size of social network
	Perceived support	Support from family Support from friends Support offered to others
Civic engagement	Community engagement	Engagement for community issues
	Associational involvement	Presence of organisations in community Active involvement in local organisations
	Religious Participation	Presence of faith-based organisations Small-group faith-based involvement

Table 2. Strong and weak tie measurements for understanding household and community social capital strength.

	Strong ties	Weak ties
Trust and Cooperation	Importance of family and friends Commitment to community	Support from local government Collective action within community Experience of discrimination and exclusion Trust in local government Trust in local police Willingness to attend public meetings
Personal Relationships	Presence and size of nearby family Daily contact face-to-face and non-face-to-face	Contact with others outside the home Overlapping networks Support offered to others
Social Network Support	Support from family Support from friends	Size of social network
Civic Engagement	Active involvement in organisations Small-group faith-based involvement	Engagement for community issues Presence of organisations in community Presence of faith-based organisations

Table 3. Framework for effective social capital indicators for urban heat.

	High personal/HH social capital	Low personal/HH social capital
High community engagement + social capital	Transfer knowledge to other communities	Increase individual resilience through community-based organisations
Low community engagement + social capital	Increase capacity of neighbourhood-based networks through organising and leadership training	Outside intervention to build capacity