Smartwatch aids time-based prospective memory in Korsakoff syndrome: a case study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic variables and neuropsychological test results of the case study patient diagnosed with Korsakoff syndrome.

Construct	Score	Classification
Handedness^a		right
CAMDEX total score^b	82*	very low
CAMDEX memory section	21*	very low
CAMDEX non-memory section	61	normal
CAMDEX domain scores
Orientation	5*	very low
Language	28	normal
Memory	16*	very low
Attention	7	normal
Praxis	6	normal
Perception	9	normal
MMSE^c	21*	very low
WAIS-IV total^d	127	high
BADS total score^e	18	average
BADS Rule Shifting	0 errors	high
BADS Action-Plan Test	5 points	high
BADS Key Search Task	14 points	high
BADS Temporal Judgement	3 points	average
BADS Zoo Map Test BADS Six Elements	4 points* 3 points	very low average

* = Score below cut-off value, CAMDEX = Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders – Revised, MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, WAIS-IV = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-4, BADS = Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome

^a Handedness was assessed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971)

^b Section B CAMDEX scores, screening instrument for dementia. Normed for 65 years and older (Roth et al., 1986)

^c Raw score on the Mini Mental State Examination, a short screening instrument for dementia (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975)

^d Total IQ score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, version IV (Wechsler, 2008)

^e Scores and classification according to the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, a test for Executive Functioning.

Table 2. Examples of PM tasks assigned to the patient.

Prospective memory tasks
“Send a picture of todays’ paper at 9:45”
“Send a picture of a plant at 14:15”
“Send a message to Beth at 17:30”
“Send a picture of shoes at 19:00”

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of time accuracy of the prospective memory tasks per condition.

Condition	mean (min)	SD (min)	median (min)
Phone	30.7	51.3	12
No-aid	65.2	58.1	48
Watch	16.5	23.7	5

Figure 1. [To view this figure in color, please see the online version of this journal.] Depicts the results of both analyses.

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