People, class, democracy: re-mapping left populism from populist social democracy to popular socialism

Figures & data

Table 1. Re-mapping left-populism: People, class and democracy in left-wing ideologies

	Populist social democracy	Populist socialism	Popular social democracy	Popular socialism
People – Class Relations	People as the receiver of economic protection without redistributing power away from dominant economic classes	People as the subject connecting dominated classes to contest and/or disrupt the position of dominant economic classes	People as the receiver of economic protection without redistributing power away from dominant economic classes	People as the subject connecting dominated classes to contest and/or disrupt the position of dominant economic classes
People -Democracy Relations	People as the passive object to support the strategies of a select group of political elites who claim to speak on behalf of the people against elites as a whole	People as the passive object to support the strategies of a select group of political elites who claim to speak on behalf of the people against elites as a whole	People as the subject connecting disenfranchised groups to contest and disrupt political elites through active processes of empowerment	People as the subject connecting disenfranchised groups to contest and disrupt political elites through active processes of empowerment

Figure 1. The direction of the people in different left-wing ideologies.