Examining leadership styles in higher education management: evidence from Kazakhstan

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and leadership experience data.

No	Gender	%	N	Mean	SD
Age
	All	100	200	43.96	11.93
Gender
1	Women	77.5	155	44.98	12.07
2	Men	22.5	45	40.42	10.82
Management experience
1	None	16	33	0	0
2	up to 5 years	37	77	1.97	0.22
3	from 6 to 15 years	30.5	59	10.60	1.33
4	from 16 to 25 years	11	22	18.77	2.39
5	from 26 to 35 years	3	6	30.00	3.46
6	more than 36 years	2,5	3	41.67	2.89
Administrative position
1	Departments	79	160	7.77	8.95
2	Faculty	7	15	10.27	8.30
3	University	14	25	6.80	5.00

Table 2. Cronbach’s alpha results for leadership measurements.

No	Questionnaire	Mean	Standard error	The elements	α-Cronbach
1	Leadership ability	28.13	5.29	50	0.698
Management style
1	D	23.34	3.76	20	0.857
2	K	21.92	2.32	20	0.738
3	С	22.51	2.92	20	0.800
4	О	22.04	2.35	20	0.738

Table 3. Correlation between age, management experience and leadership qualities and management styles.

	Leadership	‘D’	‘K’	‘C’	‘O’
Age	.162(*)	.035	.102	−.004	−.159(*)
Managerial experience;	.074	−.069	.201(**)	−.030	−.114

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 4. Gender differences in leadership styles.

№	Questionnaire	Group	Mean	Standard error	F significance	Significance level
1	Leadership ability	female	27.68	5.36	4.876	0.028
		male	29.13	4.83
Management Style
1	D	female	26.85	1.94	3.887	0.050
		male	26.20	1.90
2	K	female	23.98	1.92	5.020	0.026
		male	23.29	1.44
3	C	female	24.94	1.84	11.521	0.001
		male	26.02	2.02