Validation and factor structure of the Thai version of the EURO-D scale for depression among older psychiatric patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics (n = 150).

Variables
Age	Mean 69.4 (SD = 7.0, range 59–88)	N	%
Gender	Male	60	40
	Female	90	60
Marital status	Single	11	7.33
	Married	85	56.7
	Widowed	40	26.7
	Divorced/separated	14	9.3
Education	<4 years	31	20.7
	4 years (primary school)	81	54.0
	>4 years	38	25.3

Table 2. Euro-D item prevalences and scale scores (N = 150).

			Depressive patients diagnosed by MINI
Symptom	N	Total %	Yes (n = 51) %	No (n = 99) %	p
Depression	76	50.7	79.7	31.9	0.000
Pessimism	85	56.7	64.4	51.7	0.123
Suicidality	40	26.7	50.9	11.0	0.000
Guilt	44	29.3	52.5	14.3	0.000
Sleep	84	56.0	76.3	42.9	0.000
Interest	47	31.3	54.2	16.5	0.000
Irritability	88	58.7	89.8	38.5	0.000
Appetite	64	42.7	71.2	24.2	0.000
Fatigue	86	57.3	93.2	34.1	0.000
Concentration	25	16.7	33.9	5.5	0.000
Enjoyment	40	26.7	44.1	15.4	0.000
Tearfulness	52	34.7	59.3	18.7	0.000

Figure 1. Area under ROC curve.

Table 3. Performance of the Thai Euro-D in screening major depressive disorder in older patients.

Cut-off score	Major depression
	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive predictive value	Negative predictive value
3/4	94.1	34.3	46.5	90.2
4/5	90.2	46.5	51.2	87.9
5/6	84.3	58.6	55.9	80.2
6/7	64.7	73.7	59.5	75.9
7/8	49.0	82.8	76.0	74.4

Table 4. Principal component analysis of Euro-D.

	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
Eigenvalue	3.1	1.5	1.1	1.0
Variance (%)	26	12	9	9
Depression	0.65	0.03	0.34	−0.18
Pessimism	−0.03	0.08	−0.02	0.92
Suicidality	0.64	0.26	−0.02	0.04
Guilt	0.56	0.19	0.02	−0.22
Sleep	−0.03	0.06	0.79	−0.21
Interest	0.09	0.60	0.37	0.17
Irritability	0.42	0.23	0.43	-0.17
Appetite	0.24	0.01	0.69	0.28
Fatigue	0.55	0.20	0.34	0.17
Concentration	0.17	0.68	0.00	0.10
Enjoyment	−0.00	0.83	0.01	0.01
Tearfulness	0.73	−0.12	−0.00	0.08
Bold figures indicate items loading at >0.60.