Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for background and performance variables (n = 134).

Measure	M	SD	Range	Skewness	Kurtosis
Age (in years)	65.43	9.50	50.41–85.11	.13	–1.05
Education (in years)	15.51	2.62	8–22	–.24	–.30
Health (relative to peers)	4.48	.62	3–5	–.77	–.38
Health (relative to perfect state)	4.37	.62	3–5	–.44	–.64
MMSE	27.68	1.79	24–30	–.38	–.93
PHQ-9	2.47	3.04	0–14	1.58	2.26
SF36v2: PCS	49.04	9.07	24.07–69.28	–.77	.07
SF36v2: MCS	52.11	8.93	20.47–65.60	–1.46	2.10
MAAS	4.33	.78	2–6	–.25	–.07
ELSI	4.99	3.14	0–1	.56	–.27

Note. MMSE = Mini-Mental Status Examination; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; PCS = Physical Composite Score; MCS = Mental Composite Score; MAAS = Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; ELSI = Elder's Life Stress Inventory (total events).

Table 2. Associations (standardized betas) among health, life stress, and trait mindfulness scores.

	Quality of life
Correlates	Physical health	Mental health
Block 1
Age	–.09	.17
Gender	–.07	–.09
Education	.07	–.06
R^2	.02	.04
F	.89	1.57
Block 2
Age	–.17*	.07
Gender	–.05	–.05
Education	.11	.04
Stress	–.33***	–.25***
Trait mindfulness	.06	.45***
R^2	.13	.32
ΔR^2	.11***	.29***
F	3.85**	12.25***
Block 3
Age	–.16	.05
Gender	–.06	–.01
Education	.11	.04
Stress	–.31***	–.30***
Trait mindfulness	.06	.45***
stress × mindfulness	–.10	.21**
R^2	.14	.36
ΔR^2	.01	.04**
F	3.43**	12.03***

Note. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Table 3. Pearson product–moment correlations for continuous measures.

Measure	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Age	–
2. Education	.01	–
3. PCS	–.10	.08	–
4. MCS	.16	–.03	.01	–
5. MAAS	.08	–.13	.08	.50***	–
6. ELSI	–.22*	.10	–.29**	–.34***	–.16	–

Note. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.