The mediating role of hardiness in the relationship between perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms among older

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample (N = 424).

Variables	Range	Mean	SD	Median
Age	60–83	67.15	5.03	66.00
Years of education	0–24	11.51	4.32	11.00
	n(%)
Marital status
Single	52(12.3)
Married	289(68.2)
Divorced/ Separated	33(7.8)
Widowed	47(11.1)
Employed status
Part-Time	37(8.7)
Full-Time	21(5.0)
Self-Employed	25(5.9)
Retired	337(79.5)
Housing ownership
Rented	81(19.1)
Owned	334(78.8)
Housing type
Private housing	144(56.5)
Home ownership Scheme	76(17.9)
Public housing	270(63.7)

Table 2. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the study variables.

	Mean	SD	Exact range	Possible range	1.	2.	3.
1. Loneliness	37.12	9.18	20–67	20–80	–	−0.51***	.59***
2. Hardiness	28.04	5.52	8–45	0–45		–	−.47***
3. Depressive symptoms	3.53	2.64	0–13	0–15			–

Note: ***p < .001.

Figure 1. Standardized estimates of the mediation model showing that hardiness partially mediated the positive relationship between perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms. The items under each parcel, standardized regression coefficients of the error terms, and covariate are not shown. ***p < .001.