Gratitude and loneliness in adults over 40 years: examining the role of psychological flexibility and engaged living

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlations among the variables gratitude, psychological flexibility, engaged living, loneliness and the demographic variables.

Variable	N	M (SD)	1	2	3	4
Gender (%) • Men • Women	65 (40) 98 (60)		t(144) = −2.53*	t(153) = −.16	t(149) = −1.36	t(158) = −0.96
Education (%) • Low • High	88 (54) 75 (46)		t(144) = −1.65	t(153) = −2.46*	t(149) = −.17	t(158) = 2.68**
Age	163	66 (12)	.02	−.13	.06	.20**
1. SGRAT-NL^a	146	6.94 (1.18)	–
2. FIT-60^b	155	4.14 ( .77)	.57**	–
3. ELS^c	151	3.95 ( .67)	.58**	.72**	–
4. LQ^d	160	1.95 ( .70)	−.45**	−.66**	−.50**	–

Note. *p <.05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 (1-tailed), SGRAT-NL: Short Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test-NL; FIT-60: Flexibiliteits Index Test; ELS: Engaged Living Scale; LQ: Loneliness Questionnaire; M: mean, SD: standard deviation.

^a Measured on a 9-point Likert scale (1–9).

^bM easured on a 7-point Likert scale (0–6). ^cMeasured on a 5-point Likert scale (1–5).

^dMeasured on a 5-point Likert scale (1–5).

Figure 1. The association between trait gratitude and loneliness, mediated by psychological flexibility.

Figure 2. The association between trait gratitude and loneliness, mediated by engaged living.

Figure 3. The association between trait gratitude and loneliness, mediated by psychological flexibility and engaged living.