Assessment of a digital intervention program with Holocaust survivors

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the Holocaust survivors.

Variable	Mean (SD)	Percentage	Range
Age	83.21 (4.27)		76–97
Gender (women)		61.11%
Flourishing scale	3.92 (0.90)		1–5
Posttraumatic stress symptoms	1.99 (1.01)		1–5
Loneliness	2.08 (0.75)		1–3
Family: video calls	1.46 (0.81)		1–5
Family: text	2.48 (1.56)		1–5
Friends: video calls	1.12 (0.42)		1–5
Friends: text	2.11 (1.49)		1–5
Hours a day used the tablet	1.24 (2.06)		0.1–10
Satisfaction with the program	4.60 (0.78)		1–5

Table 2. Comparison of baseline and follow-up digital contact with family and friends.

Variable	Mean (SD)		Range	T-test	p-value
	Baseline	Follow-up
Family: text	2.44 (1.47)	3.00 (1.70)	1–5	−2.34	0.023
Friends: text	1.75 (1.16)	2.31 (1.54)	1–5	−2.99	0.005
Family: video calls	1.48 (0.85)	1.58 (0.89)	1–5	−1.13	0.262
Friends: video calls	1.04 (0.20)	1.17 (0.51)	1–5	−1.73	0.090

Table 3. Pearson correlations between participants characteristics at baseline and digital contact with family and friends at follow-up (T2) and mean usage scores.

	Friends: text T2	Family: video calls T2	Friends: video calls T2	Mean usage	Age	Gender (women)	Posttraumatic stress symptoms T1	Flourishing scale T1	Loneliness T1		Satisfaction with the program
Family: text T2	0.70***	0.30*	0.16	−0.00	−0.12	0.17	−0.02	0.40**	0.13		0.40**
Friends: text T2	–	0.35**	0.21	−0.03	−0.33*	−0.01	0.01	0.46**	−0.05		0.31*
Family: video calls T2		–	0.42***	−0.00	−0.14	0.03	−0.31*	0.31*	−0.04		0.21
Friends: video calls T2			–	−0.09	0.02	0.17	−0.28+	0.17	−0.17		0.06
Mean usage				–	−0.11	0.02	0.10	−0.02	0.07		0.12
Age					–	−0.00	0.02	−0.20	−0.10		−0.02
Gender (women)						–	0.04	−0.07	0.19+		−0.03
Posttraumatic stress symptoms T1							–	−0.22*	0.15		0.27+
Flourishing scale T1								–	−0.42***		0.03
Loneliness T1									–		0.08

Note. +p < .1, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Table 4. Regression models predicting digital contact with family and friends at follow-up (T2) and mean usage scores.

	Family: text T2				Friends: text T2				Family: video calls T2				Friends: video calls T2				Mean usage
Variable	B	SE	p	Beta	B	SE	p	Beta	B	SE	p	Beta	B	SE	p	Beta	B	SE	p	Beta
Baseline contact	−0.619	0.131	0.000	−0.598	−0.715	0.159	0.000	−0.671	−0.698	0.126	0.000	−0.570	−0.912	0.309	0.003	−0.596
Age	−0.025	0.039	0.523	−0.065	−0.065	0.038	0.090	−0.175	0.003	0.024	0.914	0.011	−0.008	0.016	0.602	−0.054	−0.109	0.057	0.053	−0.229
Gender (women)	0.196	0.365	0.591	0.059	0.131	0.360	0.715	0.041	0.121	0.215	0.572	0.060	0.162	0.142	0.254	0.124	−0.325	0.468	0.487	−0.078
PTSS^1	−0.148	0.204	0.471	−0.093	−0.016	0.207	0.937	−0.010	−0.291	0.119	0.015	−0.296	−0.167	0.087	0.055	−0.264	−0.134	0.264	0.611	−0.066
Flourishing	0.800	0.258	0.002	0.448	0.735	0.247	0.003	0.415	0.304	0.145	0.036	0.275	0.007	0.107	0.944	0.011	−0.363	0.296	0.220	−0.160
Loneliness	0.974	0.351	0.005	0.377	0.463	0.352	0.189	0.182	0.288	0.218	0.187	0.181	−0.143	0.149	0.337	−0.139	−0.324	0.453	0.474	−0.099
Program satisfaction	0.643	0.238	0.007	0.307	0.658	0.246	0.008	0.323	0.309	0.148	0.037	0.241	0.119	0.094	0.205	0.145	1.297	0.357	0.000	0.545
R^2	0.472				0.496				0.499				0.443				0.328

Note. Baseline contact refers to the baseline frequency of contact corresponding to the follow-up variable, e.g. for ‘Family: text T2’ baseline contact is ‘Family: text T1’; ¹PTSS = Posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.