Exploring the relationship between perceived loneliness and subjective cognitive decline in older individuals

Figures & data

Figure 1. The relative differences of each domain per cluster (standardised cluster mean). the error bars represent the standard error (SE) of the means. Positive scores denote more self-reported WMQ problems. Negative scores denote less self-reported WMQ problems.

Table 1. Demographic and living arrangement profiles* (percent).

Demographics		Cluster 1 (N = 61)	Cluster 2 (N = 123)	Cluster 3 (N = 118)
Age Mean (SD)		73.59(8.47)	73.17(8.26)	73.18(8.26)
Sex	Males	63.94	56.10	58.48
	Females	34.43	40.65	36.44
Education	Elementary school	47.54	49.59	46.61
	Medium school	22.95	23.58	24.58
	High school	16.93	11.38	13.56
	University degree	1.64	4.07	4.24
	None	4.92	1.63	5.09
Living arrangements	Alone	18.03	13.01	17.79
	Carer	0.0	0.81	0.0
	Partner	55.74	72.36	62.71
	Relatives	22.95	12.19	16.95

Table 2. Pastime profiles for the 3 clusters (values are percentages).

Activity	Regularity	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3
Cultural/sports membership	Yes	9.84	13.01	27.97
Dancing	Often	1.64	4.07	4.24
	Sometime	9.84	10.57	20.34
	Never	78.69	69.92	60.17
Physical exercising	Often	8.19	4.88	17.79
	Sometime	16.39	12.19	27.97
	Never	65.59	68.29	42.37
Walking/trekking	Often	22.95	10.57	22.88
	Sometime	16.39	27.64	31.36
	Never	50.82	51.22	31.36

Figure 2. Mean scores on depression, anxiety, and stress in each Cluster. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Figure 3. Mean scores of working memory problems in three domains (Attention, Storage and Executive). the error bars represent the standard error of the means.

Figure 4. Mean UCLA scores. The error bars represent the standard error of the means.

Figure 5. Spearman’s rho between working memory, emotion state and loneliness variables.

*BF₁₀ > 10; **BF₁₀ > 100; ***BF₁₀ > 1000