Remotely-administered resilience and self-compassion intervention targeting loneliness and stress in older adults: a single-case experimental design

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample demographics.

	N	Minimim	Maximum	Mean or %	Std. Dev.
Age (years)	43	66.8	93.4	76.9	7.5
Gender
Female	33			76.7%
Male	10			22.3%
Race
Caucasian	39			90.7%
Non-Caucasian	4			9.3%
Marital Status
Currently Married	13			30.2%
Currently Single	30			69.8%
Education
High School and Below	3			7.0%
Some College to Bachelor Degree	26			60.4%
Post-Graduate Degree	14			32.6%
TICS-m (at screening)	43	28.0	42.0	36.1	4.5
UCLA-LS (at baseline)	41	24.0	73.0	43.0	10.2

Note: TICS-m: Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status; UCLA-LS: UCLA Loneliness Scale—Third Edition.

Table 2. Comparison of scores before control period (week 0), before intervention (week 6), and after intervention (week 12).

	N	Week 0		Week 6		Week 12
		(start of Control Period)		(end of Control Period/start of intervention)		(end of intervention)
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	df	p	ηp^2
Primary Outcomes
Perceived Stress: PSS-10	41	15.07	5.93	14.44	5.50	12.85	5.58	7.26	2	0.001	0.154
Loneliness: UCLA-LS	41	42.76	10.23	40.32	9.82	39.80	9.75	8.89	2	<0.001	0.182
Secondary Outcomes
Resilience: CD-RISC	43	27.79	4.53	28.21	5.05	29.07	4.39	2.42	2	0.10	0.054
Depression: CES-D-8	42	8.64	5.03	7.83	5.18	6.86	5.02	3.62	2	0.03	0.081
Happiness: CESD-HS	42	8.67	2.36	8.69	2.64	9.50	2.55	2.13	2	0.13	0.049
Self-Compassion: SCS-SF	40	41.47	8.66	42.62	9.39	44.13	8.76	5.57	2	0.005	0.125
Additional Measures
Social Support: DSSI-SI	40	8.57	1.50	8.55	1.38	8.42	1.47	0.27	1.7	0.73	0.007
Mental Health: SF-36 MCS	41	47.65	9.22	49.34	9.30	50.27	9.12	2.07	2	0.13	0.049
Physical Health: SF-36 PCS	41	45.42	9.74	46.08	10.36	46.29	9.39	0.38	2	0.68	0.009
Physiological Measures
BMI	12	28.77	6.58	28.56	6.14	28.59	5.89
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	11	134.36	17.28	133.64	9.18	125.55	19.36
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	11	72.27	8.97	71.55	14.07	79.09	6.11
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	10	2.50	3.21	1.96	2.17	1.77	2.24
Sleep Measures
Mean Total Sleep Time (min)	9	431.51	91.87	447.88	92.74	439.70	124.82
Mean Sleep Efficiency (%)	9	86.74	8.40	87.84	11.21	92.08	2.30
Mean Wake After Sleep Onset (min)	9	67.48	48.07	70.15	64.07	39.16	19.07
Total Sleep Time SD (min)	9	66.79	31.61	64.97	16.47	71.41	23.51
Sleep Efficiency SD (%)	9	5.43	4.55	7.85	6.39	4.48	3.27
Wake After Sleep Onset SD (min)	9	30.68	23.17	59.16	52.19	27.59	28.93

Note: CES-D-8: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CESD-HS: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale - Happiness Subscale; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; SCS-SF: Neff Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form; PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale; SD-WISE: San Diego Wisdom Scale; DSSI-SI: Duke Social Support Index—Social Interaction Subscale; SF36-MCS: Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire – Mental Component Score; SF36-PCS: Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire – Physical Component Score; UCLA-LS: UCLA Loneliness Scale—Third Edition; SD: Standard Deviation.

Data availability statement

Raw data are available upon request.