Political violence and mental health of Bedouin children in the West Bank, Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.

	N (%) (unless otherwise indicated)
Child factors
Gender
Girls	188 (41)
Boys	267 (59)
Age group
5–6	162 (36)
11–12	148 (32)
15–16	145 (32)
Residency
North	70 (15)
Middle	216 (48)
South	169 (37)
Household factors
Income [median (min, max)]	1000 (0, 6000)
Size of household [median (min, max)]	8 (1, 36)
Mothers’ years of education [median (min, max)]	6 (0, 16)
Mothers’ employment
Shepherd	54 (13)
Labourer	24 (6)
Employed	14 (3)
Self-employed	12 (3)
Unemployed	14 (3)
Housewife	300 (72)
Fathers’ years of education [median (min, max)]	6 (0, 16)
Fathers’ employment
Shepherd	153 (38)
Labourer	150 (37)
Employed	22 (5)
Self-employed	11 (2)
Community leader (Mukhtar)	2 (1)
Unemployed	47 (12)
Cannot work^a	18 (5)
Mother’s perceived mental health
Excellent	57 (15)
Very Good	66 (16)
Good	111 (27)
Fair	113 (28)
Poor	55 (14)
Children out of school	114 (25)

^a 15 could not work due to health issues; 3 were in prison.

Table 2. Household exposures to traumatic events (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.

Exposure	%
Living in an area with high level of confrontations	49
Evacuated from the home for the purpose of military training	36
Living in an area where settlers dispose their sewage	36
Living close to military tower, barrier wall or checkpoint	59
House/children’s school next to a settlement	58
House/children’s school next to a military training complex	36
Attacked by settlers/Israeli soldiers	52
Attacked by wild animals	33
Were forcibly evacuated from their home and relocated	68
Currently at risk of forced displacement	70
House demolished by Israeli forces	43
House is at risk of demolition	47
Water tanks seized by Israeli forces	28
Sheep and cattle seized by Israeli forces	25
Tractors seized by Israeli forces	22

Table 3. Children’s exposure to traumatic events (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.

Exposure	%
Witnessed killing of a friend by Israeli forces/settlers	6
Witnessed killing of a close family member/relative by Israeli forces/settlers	6
Witnessed killing/injury of a relative/friend by explosion of explosive objects and materials left behind by the Israeli military	13
Witnessed beating of a family member/relative by Israeli forces/settlers	20
Witnessed a settler intentionally hitting a friend/relative by his/her car	22
Witnessed arrest of a parent/brother	32
Witnessed bombardment of residential areas	52
Witnessed bombardment of neighbours’ houses	55
Witnessed bombardment of his/her house	39
Witnessed Israeli forces breaking into their home	51
Being detained by Israeli forces	18
Being imprisoned by Israeli forces	4
Being deported	5
Being injured by a bullet or a shell fragment	4
Being exposed to settlers’ attempts of kidnapping or hitting by their cars	7
Being injured when Israeli forces broke into their home	10
Beaten and humiliated by Israeli forces	21
Beaten and humiliated by settlers	23
Terrified by attacks of Israeli forces/settlers dogs	30
Exposed to skunk water during confrontations with Israeli forces	30
Exposed to tear gas	43
Used as human shield by Israeli forces	25
Exposed to warning shots fired by Israeli forces in an attempt to scare him/her	32

Figure 1. Prevalence of probable psychiatric disorders, emotional and behavioural problems among Bedouin children (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.

Figure 2. Exposures to traumatic events among Bedouin children by SDQ low and high scores (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.

Figure 3. Exposures to traumatic events that are significantly associated with poor mental health among Bedouin children (N = 455), West Bank, 2014.